Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Echo > Prosthetic Valves > Flashcards

Prosthetic Valves Flashcards

1
Q

Types of aortic bioprostheses

A

Cadaveric homograft
Autograft (Ross)
Stented / stentless xenografts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Aortic cadaveric homograft

A

Bioprosthetic, rare
Looks like regular valve
None to trivial central regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stented / stentless aortic bioprostheses

A 
Porcine
Pericardial
Bovine
Stented - see seats on echo
Stentless
Transcatheter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal bioprosthetic valve regurgitation

A

No or trivial central regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mechanical aortic bioprostheses

A

Caged ball
Single tilting disc
Bileaflet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mechanical prosthesis regurgitation

A

Built-in washing jets with prosthetic regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aortic caged ball

A

Ball going up and done in cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aortic single tilting disc

A

Single disc going up and down

Big puff of central regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Aortic bileaflet mechanical valve

A

Most common
Two occluders / leaflets open up and down, don’t go to 90’
Central and side jets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Periprosthetic regurigtation

A

Always pathologic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Assessment of aortic prosthetic stenosis

A

2D and doppler variables
EOA by continuity equation
Normal ranges
Correct measurement of LVOT VTI and LVOT diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aortic homograft normal MG

A

2-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stentless pericardial AV normal MG

A

8-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stented pericardial AV normal MG

A

10-15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stented porcine AV normal MG

A

10-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bileaflet mechanical AV normal MG

A

5-10-15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Single tilting disc AV normal MG

A

15-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Caged ball AV normal MG

A

20-25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

AV prosthetic CW jet rounded

A

Most likely pathologic obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

AV prosthetic CW jet pointed

A

Normal
Functional obstruction
Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Functional AV obstruction

A

High flow
Pressure recovery
PPM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acceleration time

A

Time from onset of flow (just inside opening click) to peak velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pathologic AV prosthetic AT

A

> 100 ms - pathologic obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

AV prosthetic AT <100 ms

A

Normal
Functional obstruction
Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Doppler velocity index (DVI) / DI

A

LVOT velocity / prosthesis velocity
LVOT VTI / prosthesis VTI
Independent of flow conditions / prosthesis size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

AV DI pathologic obstruction

A

<0.25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

AV prosthetic stenosis EOA

A

LVOT area * LVOT VTI / prosthetic VTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Normal AV prosthetic EOA

A

> 1.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Possible obstruction EOA AV prosthetic

A

0.8-1.2

30
Q

Significant stenosis EOA AV prosthetic

A

<0.8

31
Q

Indexed EOA (iEOA)

A

EOA / body surface area

Can differentiate pathologic from functional obstruction

32
Q

AV pathologic obstruction causes

A

Thrombus
Pannus
Thrombus + Pannus
Degeneration

33
Q

AV stenosis and significant regurgitation affects which parameters

A

Peak velocity and MG more flow dependent

34
Q

ASE AV stenosis algorithm

A

Peak velocity > 3 m/s
DVI <0.25, contour round, AT > 100 = pathologic, calculate EOA
DVI < 0.25, contour pointed, AT < 100 = PW doppler sample too far from prosthesis
DVI 0.25-0.29, contour round, AT > 100 = pathologic
DVI 0.25-0.29, contour pointed, AT <100 = normal, check EOA index
DVI >= 0.30, jet pointed, AT < 100 = normal
DVI >=0.30, jet round, AT > 100 = stenosis with sub-valve narrowing, underestimated gradient, improper LVOT velocity (too close to prosthesis)

35
Q

Location for LVOT diameter

A

Calipers at insertion between sewing ring and base of septum or anterior mitral leaflet

36
Q

AV pressure recovery

A

Pressure / velocity difference between central vena contracta (where echo measures) close to valve and vena contracta further into aortic root (where Cath measures)
More common smaller aortic root, small bileaflet mechanical valve

37
Q

AV Prosthesis patient mismatch

A

EOA less than that of normal valve

Determined by indexed EOA

38
Q

Normal iEOA AV

A

> 0.85

39
Q

Moderate mismatch iEOA AV

A

0.66-0.85

40
Q

Severe mismatch iEOA AV

A

<=0.65

41
Q

AV essential doppler parameters

A

DI
AT
EOA
iEOA

42
Q

AV AT > 100 ms

A

Pathologic obstruction

43
Q

AV AT <= 100, iEOA <= 0.65

A

Severe PPM

44
Q

AV AT <= 100, iEOA > 0.85

A

Normal
High flow
Pressure recovery
Pathologic regurgitation

45
Q

MV stented pericardial normal MG

A

4-7

46
Q

MV stented porcine normal MG

A

6-9

47
Q

MV bileaflet mechanical normal MG

A

3-6

48
Q

MV single tilting disc normal MG

A

4-6

49
Q

MV caged ball normal MG

A

7-10

50
Q

MV E velocity dysfunction

A

> = 1.9

51
Q

MV E velocity normal

A

<1.9

52
Q

VTI ratio

A

VTI prosthesis / VTI LVOTI

53
Q

MV VTI ratio dysfunction

A

> 2.2

54
Q

MV VTI ratio normal

A

<2.2

55
Q

MV PHT pathologic

A

> = 130

56
Q

MV PHT normal, functional, regurgitation

A

<130

57
Q

MV significant regurgitation pattern

A

VTI ratio >2.2

PHT < 130

58
Q

MV EOA

A

Do not use PHT
Use continuity equation (area LVOT x VTI LVOT / VTI prosthesis)
Not valid with significant AI or MR

59
Q

MV EOA Normal

A

> 2.0

60
Q

MV EOA possible obstruction

A

1.0-2.0

61
Q

MV EOA significant stenosis

A

<1.0

62
Q

MV iEOA no PPM

A

> 1.20

63
Q

MV iEOA moderate PPM

A

0.91-1.20

64
Q

MV iEOA severe PPM

A

<= 0.90

65
Q

Pressure recovery phenomenon

A

Localized pressure drop at the central orifice of a bileaflet mechanical valve is partially recovered distally as flow from lateral two orifices merges with central flow jet

66
Q

Velocity through prosthetic AV which may prompt concern for pathologic obstruction

A

<3 m/s

67
Q

Pressure recovery typically associated with

A

Small bileaflet mechanical valve

68
Q

MV most likely to have normal large central jet

A

Medtronic-Hall single disc valve

69
Q

Doppler velocity index (DVI)

A

Subvalvular velocity or VTI / prosthetic velocity or VTI

70
Q

TV prosthetic stenosis mean gradient

A

> 6

Echo (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions