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Echo > Aorta > Flashcards

Aorta Flashcards

1
Q

Degenerative ascending aortic aneurysm surveillance

A
  1. 5-4.5 cm annual

4. 5-5.4 cm biannual

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2
Q

Genetic TAA surveillance

A
  1. 5-4.0 annual

4. 0-5.0 biannual

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3
Q

Descending aorta aneurysm surveillance

A
  1. 0-5.0 annual (CT/MRA)

5. 0-6.0 biannual (CT/MRA)

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4
Q

TAA indications for repair

A 
Symptoms or rupture
Size
Rapid enlargement
Traumatic
Infectious
AVR if ascending aorta > 4.5
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5
Q

Size for repair for ascending TAA

A

Diameter > 5.5 cm or index >= 2.75

>4.5 cm genetic

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6
Q

Size for repair for descending TAA

A

> 5.5 cm

>5.0 cm genetic

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7
Q

TAA rapid enlargement

A

> = 10 mm/yr

>5 mm/yr in genetic

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8
Q

Indication for repair for AAA

A 
Symptoms
rupture 
> 5.5 cm
Rapid expansion
Inflammatory or infectious
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9
Q

Screening for AAA

A

Men 65-75 who smoked

Men >= 60 with 1st deg relative with AAA

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10
Q

Complex plaque in aorta

A

Increased risk of embolism
>4 mm width
Mobile at any size
Ulcerated

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11
Q

Penetrating aortic ulcer

A

Similar to dissection
Echolucent intramural hematoma overlying atherosclerosis
Increase wall thickness
No intimal flap

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12
Q

Aortic intramural hematoma

A

Similar to dissection
No intimal tear
Layered thickened, crescentic hematoma

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13
Q

BAV cut off for surgery

A

55 mm

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14
Q

BAV higher risk features

A 
50 mm
FH of dissection
>3 mm/year dilatation
Uncontrolled HTN
Root phenotype
Coarctation
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15
Q

Marfan surgery cutoff

A

50 mm

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16
Q

Ascending aorta measurement in kids

A

Inner edge to inner edge in systole

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17
Q

Ascending aorta measurement in adults

A

Leading edge to leading edge end-diastolic

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18
Q

Bovine aortic arch

A

Innominate artery and left common carotid artery have a common origin
9-13% of individuals
Imaged from suprasternal notch

19
Q

Complex aortic atheroma most likely to occur in

A

Descending aorta

20
Q

Traumatic aortic deceleration injury most common finding

A

Localized thick flap in region of aortic isthmus

21
Q

Aortic aneurysm definition

A

Aortic dilatation to at least 1.5x expected normal diameter

22
Q

Marfan aorta

A

Aneurysm of ascending aorta involving at least the sinuses of valsalva (most common site)
Descending thoracic and thorax-abdominal aorta are also common

23
Q

Mirror image right sided aortic arches

A

Innominate artery originates as first branch, then right carotid, then right subclavian
A/w ToF

24
Q

Non-mirror image R sided aortic arch

A

Left carotid artery, right carotid artery, right subclavian, left subclavian
Left subclavian originates from proximal descending aorta with prominent diverticulum of Kommerall

25
Q

Shone complex

A

Supravalvular mitral ring
Parachute-like mitral valve
Subaortic stenosis
Aortic coarctation

26
Q

Turner syndrome a/w

A

Coarctation
BAV
Aneurysm / dissection

27
Q

Noonan syndrome a/w

A

Pulmonary stenosis

HCM

28
Q

BAV associated with

A

Ascending aortic dilatation in >50%
Most often tubular ascending aorta
Coarctation ~5%

29
Q

DeBakey 1

A

Ascending aorta, arch +/- descending

30
Q

DeBakey II

A

ascending aorta only

31
Q

DeBakey IIIa

A

Descending aorta above diaphragm

32
Q

Debakey IIIb

A

Descending aorta below diaphragm

33
Q

Grade 1 aortic atheroma

A

Thickness <2mm

Normal intimal thickening

34
Q

Grade II atheroma

A

Mild intimal thickening 2-3 mm

35
Q

Grade III atheroma

A

Moderate intimal thickening

>3-5 mm

36
Q

Grade IV atheroma

A

Severe thickening

>5mm

37
Q

Grade V atheroma

A

Complex atheroma

Grade 2-4 + mobile or ulcerated components

38
Q

Aortic doppler in coaractation

A

Typically overestimates peak gradient due to elevated pre-coaractation velocity

39
Q

Quadricuspid AV associated with

A

Severe AR

Not aortic conditions

40
Q

Best view for ascending aorta

A

Parasternal window

Move up an interspace, medial toward sternum

41
Q

Hemodynamically significant PDA

A

Left sided volume overload

Pulmonary hypertension

42
Q

Abdominal aorta doppler coarctation

A

Low velocity systolic velocity
Higher-velocity diastolic forward flow
Decreased pulsatility
Delay in systolic peak velocity

43
Q

Thickening of aortic-mitral curtain

A

Aortitis

Endocarditis with abscess

Echo (30 decks)

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