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Echo > Hemodynamics Review > Flashcards

Hemodynamics Review Flashcards

1
Q

Stroke volume

A

LVOT area * LVOT VTI

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2
Q

Stroke volume index

A

SV / BSA

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3
Q

AVA using continuity

A

LVOT VTI * LVOT area / AV VTI

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4
Q

MR flow / instantaneous flow rate

A

area x aliasing velocity

for area, use 2pir2

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5
Q

ERO for MR

A

ERO = MR flow / MR velocity

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6
Q

Quick ERO using PISA

A

Aliasing velocity 40
Assume MR velocity 500
ERO = PISA radias^2 / 2

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7
Q

RV for MR

A

ERO * MR VTI

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8
Q

MS by PHT

A

MVA = 220 / PHT

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9
Q

PHT

A

DT * 0.29

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10
Q

Pitfalls of PHT for MS

A

Bad with high LV pressures or impaired relaxation

Don’t use after balloon valvuloplasty

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11
Q

MS by continuity

A

MVA = LVOT area * LVOT VTI / MV VTI

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12
Q

Pitfalls of continuity for MS

A

AR increases LVOT VTI

MR increases MV VTI

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13
Q

PISA for MS

A

MVA = 2 * PI * r^2 * aliasing velocity / peak velocity * angle / 180

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14
Q

CO in aortic regurgitation

A

Must use MV SV, don’t use LVOT SV

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15
Q

AR RV

A

LVOT SV - Mitral SV

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16
Q

AR RF

A

RV / LVOT SV

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17
Q

AR EROA

A

RV / AR VTI

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18
Q

Severe AR RV

A

> 60

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19
Q

Severe AR RF

A

> 50

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20
Q

Severe AR ERO

A

> 0.3

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21
Q

Severe AR PHT

A

<250

>500 argues strongly against

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22
Q

Severe AR vena contracta

A

> 0.6

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23
Q

Severe AR abdominal aorta

A

holodiastolic reversal

24
Q

HCM LVOT gradient

A

4 (LVOT velocity)^2

25
Q

HCM LVOT gradient using MR velocity

A

Assume LA pressure = 15
LV - LA = 4 MR velocity^2
Gradient = LV - SBP

26
Q

MR and MVP

A

Use PISA for ERO / RV

RV better

27
Q

MR ERO correction for wall constraint

A

Divide angle by 180 degrees and multiple by incorrect ROA

28
Q

Posterior MR jet

A

Posterior leaflet restriction

Anterior leaflet pathology

29
Q

Anterior MR jet

A

Posterior leaflet perforation or other pathology

30
Q

Cutoff for large aortic atheroma

A

> = 4mm into lumen

31
Q

PAWP formula

A

4.6 + 5.27 * E velocity / flow propagation velocity

32
Q

Normal propagation velocity young

A

> 55 cm/s

33
Q

Normal propagation velocity middle aged - old

A

> 45 cm/s

34
Q

LAP estimate

A

LAP = 4 + E/e’

35
Q

LVEDP equation

A

LVEDP = DBP - 4 x end-diastolic velocity AR^2

36
Q

LVSP equation

A

LVSP = 4v^2 + LAP

37
Q

Peak to Peak aortic gradient of AS equation

A

P2P = LVSP - SBP

38
Q

Calculating gradients / pressure across chambers

A

Receiving chamber pressure = originating chamber pressure + gradient

39
Q

PVR equation

A

Change in pressure / Qp

Change in pressure across Pulm circulation = MPP - LAP

40
Q

Mean pulmonary artery pressure equation

A

MPP = PADP + 1/3 (PASP-PADP)

41
Q

RVSP in VSD

A

RVSP = SBP - peak systolic VSD gradient

42
Q

PASP equation in PS

A

PASP = RVSP - peak PS gradient

43
Q

LV dp/dt

A 
dP/dt = dP / relative time interval
dP = (4v2^2 - 4v1^2)
RTI = time at V2 - time at V1
44
Q

Mean LAP equation in MS

A

LAP = mean mitral gradient in diastole + early LV diastolic pressure

45
Q

AVA by modified continuity equation

A

LVOT area * V LVOT / V AV

or LVOT area x DI

46
Q

AV dimensionless index

A

DI = V LVOT / V AV

47
Q

Mean AV gradient calculation

A

0.6 * peak gradient

48
Q

PV atrial reversal wave cut-off velocity for elevated LVEDP

A

> = 35cm/s

49
Q

PV atrial reversal wave cut-off duration for elevated LVEDP

A

> = 30 ms more than duration of mitral inflow A wave

50
Q

Rapid deceleration of TR jet

A

Very severe TR

51
Q

Regurgitant fraction equation

A

RF = RF / (forward SV + RF)

52
Q

Mitral inflow in cor triatriatum

A

Forward flow in systole and diastole with 3 phases

53
Q

LA volume calculation

A

= 0.85 * (Area 1 * Area 2) / Length

54
Q

Typical mean LA pressure grade 1 DD

A

8-14mmHg

55
Q

Typical mean LA pressure grade 2 DD

A

15-22mmHg

56
Q

Typical mean LA pressure grade 3 DD

A

> 22mmHg

Echo (30 decks)

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