Aortic Regurgitation

Question 1

End-systolic diameter reflects

Answer 1

Contractility

Question 2

Mild AR follow up

Answer 2

Every 3 years

Question 3

Mod AR follow up

Answer 3

Every 12 months

Question 4

Type 1 AR

Answer 4

Normal cusp motion with aortic dilatation or cusp perforation

Question 5

Type 2 AR

Answer 5

Cusp prolapse

Question 6

Type 3 AR

Answer 6

Cusp restriction

Question 7

Specific sign for AR

Answer 7

Vena contracta

Question 8

Supportive signs for AR

Answer 8

holodiastolic reversal in descending thoracic aorta, pressure half time

Question 9

Quantitative measures of AR

Answer 9

ERO, Rvol

Question 10

Severe anatomy for AR

Answer 10

Abnormal / flail or wide coaptation defect

Question 11

Severe jet width

Answer 11

> = 50-60% of LVOT for central jet

Question 12

Severe PHT

Answer 12

PHT < 200

Question 13

Severe AR aorta doppler

Answer 13

Prominent holodiastolic reversal, especially abdominal aorta

Question 14

Severe vena contracta for AR

Answer 14

> = 0.6 cm

Question 15

Mild vena contracta for AR

Answer 15

< 0.3 cm

Question 16

Vena contracta

Answer 16

Smallest diameter between flow convergence and regurgitant jet

Question 17

Flow convergence

Answer 17

See two heads (red and blue)

Question 18

Severe RVol

Answer 18

> = 60 ml/beat

Question 19

Severe EROA

Answer 19

> = 0.3 cm2

Question 20

Flow =

Answer 20

area x velocity

Question 21

PISA method

Answer 21

Flow approaching hole organizes into shells
Same velocity within shell, higher closer to hole
Measure radius of circle where aliasing occurs (know aliasing velocity)

Question 22

EROA =

Answer 22

flow / regurgitant velocity (use peak velocity)

Question 23

Best measure for AR

Answer 23

vena contracta

Question 24

AVR severe indications

Answer 24

Symptoms (I)
EF < 50% (I)
Other CV surgery (I)
EF 50% and LVESD > 50 mm or corrected >25 mm/m2 (IIa)