proprioception

Question 1

proprioception

Answer 1

kinesthesia
-sense of self movement and body position
-mediated by proprioceptors loacted within muscles, tendons, joints, and skin

Question 2

proprioceptors

Answer 2

Respond to a dgree, direction, and rate of change of body movements
-transmit to CNS

Question 3

Muscle receptors

Answer 3

muscle spindle and golgi tendon

Question 4

joint and skin receptors

Answer 4

ruffini endings and pacinian corpuscles

Question 5

Labyrinthine and neck proprioceptors

Answer 5

vestibular systems
-semicircular canals, sense balance, labyrinth filled
-joint receptors of the neck:
-sensitive to angle between body
and head

Question 6

Afferent Sensory Neurons

Answer 6

run toward the spinal cord
-Ascend up to the brain
-Start in proprioceptive organ and run through the dorsal

Question 7

Efferent

Answer 7

exit the spinal cord
-start in the ventral
-alpha: motor
-Gamma: set sensitivity

Question 8

Muscle Spindles (intrafusal)

Answer 8

“sense stretch”
-located in muscle belly
-When stretched, afferent sends impulse to CNS which activates the motor neurons, contracting the muscle

Question 9

stretch reflex steps (fastest reflex)

Answer 9

1.muscle gets stretched
2.muscle spindle gets activated
3. A signal is transmitted along the afferent neuron to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
4.the signal passes from the dorsal side to the ventral side
5. the signal is transmitted along the alpha efferent neuron to the stretched muscle
6. The muscle that was stretched (agonist) is activated by the alpha efferent neuron and the opposite muscle is inhibited (antagonist)

Question 10

Primary posture muscle

Answer 10

soleus

Question 11

standing

Answer 11

soleus is activated and lower leg muscles are inhibited

Question 12

fast stretch

Answer 12

clonus (pulsing)

Question 13

slow stretch

Answer 13

continuous activation
-treated with botox and surg (SDR)

Question 14

Golgi Tendon Organs

Answer 14

activated by increased tension
-embedded in tendon
-helps with neuromuscular control

Question 15

Reflex Inhibition

Answer 15

1. a tendon has a high level of tension
   2.golgi tendon organs are activated
2. an afferent message is sent to the dorsal spinal cord
   3.polysynaptic
   4.efferent messages sent to the muscle whose tendon is under high tension (agonist) and the muscle not under tension (antagonist)
3. the agonist gets inhibited and the antagonist is activated

Question 16

pacinian corpuscles

Answer 16

“pressure and accelleration”
-in skin and joints
-transmit impulses
-predict where body part will be

Question 17

ruffini endings

Answer 17

“on at rest”
In deep skin
-activated by mechanical def
-signal continous states of pressure
-sense body position and changes in joint angles at rest