articulations

Question 1

Articulations

Answer 1

joints

Question 2

Stability and ROM are

Answer 2

inversely proportional

Question 3

3 classifications of joints

Answer 3

Synarthrosis, amphiartesis, and diarthrosis

Question 4

Synarthrosis

Answer 4

no cavity, capsule, membrane, or fluid
-most stable joint
-bones connected by dense fibrous ligaments
-Sutures and Syndesmoses

Question 5

Sutures

Answer 5

connected by fibers that are continuous with the periosteum
-skull is only place that has these

Question 6

Syndesmosis

Answer 6

connected by fibrous tissue
-coracoacromial joint (scapula)
-Tibiofibular joint (high ankle sprain)

Question 7

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 7

none
-permit more motion than syndesmoses
-synchondrosis
-symphyses

Question 8

Synchondroses

Answer 8

joints held by hyaline cartilage
-sternocostal joints (ribs and sternum)
-Epiphyseal plates (movement in long bones)

Question 9

symphyses

Answer 9

bones held by cartilage and fibrocartilage (shock absorption)
-intervertebral joints
-pubic symphysis

Question 10

Diarthrosis

Answer 10

-freely moveable joints
-articular cavity, fluid, ligaments, membrane, covered with hyaline cartilage
-richly supplied with sensory nerves

Question 11

Uniaxial joints

Answer 11

Gliding, pivot, and hinge

Question 12

gliding joints

Answer 12

flat planes
-short gliding movements
-intertarsal and intercarpal joints
-nonaxial

Question 13

hinge joints

Answer 13

cylindrical end of one bone fits into trough on another
-elbow, ankle, and joints between fingers and toes
-uniaxial-sagittal

Question 14

Pivot joints

Answer 14

-rotating bone only turns around its long axis
-transverse plane
-proximal radioulnar joint
-joint in spine

Question 15

Biaxial joints

Answer 15

condyloid and saddle

Question 16

condyloid joints

Answer 16

-circumduction
(frontal) side to side-abduction/adduction
(sagittal) back and forth- flexion/extension
-convex surface with concave surface
-metacarpal phalangeal joints
-wrist joints

Question 17

Saddle Joints

Answer 17

-more range of motion (looks like saddle)
-circumduction
-first carpometacarpal joint

Question 18

Triaxial joints

Answer 18

Ball and socket and Bicondyloid

Question 19

Ball and Socket

Answer 19

Spherical head of one bone fits into round socket of another
-multiaxial
-shoulder and hip

Question 20

Bicondyloid

Answer 20

two convex and two concave surfaces
-8 deg of rotation
-valgus+ knocked knee; varus= bow legs

Question 21

Types of cartilage

Answer 21

hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

Question 22

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 22

most abundant type of cartilage
-provides support via flexibility and resilience

Question 23

elastic cartilage

Answer 23

greatest flexibility and can tolerate repeated bending
-outer ear, epiglottis, eustachian tube

Question 24

fibrocartilage

Answer 24

provides shock absorption
-very strong in resisting tension and compression
-menisci of knee, intervertebral discs, TMJ, and pubic symphysis

Question 25

Articular Cartilage

Answer 25

comprised of hyaline cart.
-chondrocytes embedded in a matrix of collagen and other proteins
-maintain and restore cartilage with wear

Question 26

function of articular cartilage

Answer 26

distributes load over a wide area to reduce stress
-allows movement at joints with minimal friction
-friction is less than half of ice
-acts like a sponge to soak up and re-disperse synovial fluid

Question 27

synovial membrane

Answer 27

manufactures synovial fluid
-located in the lining of the joint