Properties of Water and Seawater Flashcards

1
Q

When 1 gram of ice is at a temperature of 0 degrees Centigrade how many calories must be added for the water to melt?

A

80 Calories

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2
Q

What is the latent heat of Vaporization?

A

The amount of energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds and change the state from liquid to gas

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3
Q

When one gram of liquid water is at a temperature of 100 degrees Centigrade how many calories are required to vaporize the water?

A

540 Calories

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4
Q

The conversion of a liquid to a gas below its boiling point is called what?

A

Evaporation

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5
Q

The latent heat of evaporation at 20 Degrees Centigrade is what?

A

585 Calories

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6
Q

Define Heat Capacity

A

The amount of heat required to raise the the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Centigrade

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7
Q

The angle between the Hydrogen atoms in a water molecule has a measure of how many degrees?

A

105 Degrees

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8
Q

Water Density is affected by

A

Temperature, Salinity, and Pressure

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9
Q

Define Thermal Contraction

A

The idea that the density of most substances increases as its temperature decreases

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10
Q

Thermal Contraction in pure water exist only to a certain temperature what is this temperature?

A

4 Degrees Centigrade

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11
Q

Ice is less dense than water because

A

Ice crystals take up more volume than liquid water which causes the volume to expand and density to decrease

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12
Q

What is the latent heat of melting?

A

The energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold water molecules rigidly in place.

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13
Q

Define Salinity

A

The total amount solid material dissolved in water

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14
Q

Seawater is about how many times saltier than fresh water?

A

220 Times Saltier

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15
Q

What is the Principle of Constant Proportions?

A

All the major dissolved constituents occur nearly everywhere in the ocean in the exact same proportions

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16
Q

What is the residence time of Sodium in seawater?

A

260 Million Years

17
Q

What is the residence time of Potassium in Seawater?

A

11 Million Years

18
Q

The residence time of Calcium is how many years?

A

8 Million Years

19
Q

The residence time of Silicon is

A

10,000 Years

20
Q

The residence time of Manganese is

A

7,000 Years

21
Q

The Residence time of Iron is

A

140 Years

22
Q

The residence time of Aluminum is

A

100 Years

23
Q

Ions that attach to surfaces of sinking clay and biologic particles do so through a process called what?

A

Adsorption

24
Q

What percent of all water on earth exists in the world ocean?

A

97.2%

25
Q

What percent of the worlds water is frozen in glaciers and ice caps?

A

2.15%

26
Q

What percent of Earths water exists in groundwater and soil moisture?

A

0.62%

27
Q

What percent of Earths water exists in streams and lakes?

A

0.02%

28
Q

What percent of water on Earth resides in the atmosphere as water vapor?

A

0.001%

29
Q

The Halocline, Pycnocline, and Thermocline all typically occur in what range of depth?

A

300 to 1000 Meters

30
Q

Where is most Antarctic Bottom water formed?

A

Weddell sea

31
Q

How long does is take the Great Ocean Conveyer Belt To circulate?

A

1000 years