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Ocean Bowl Dos.0 > History of Oceanography > Flashcards

History of Oceanography Flashcards

1
Q

When is migration throughout the Southwestern Pacific thought to have begun?

A

2500 BC

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2
Q

When did the Polynesians successfully reach the Hawaiian Islands?

A

Probably between 450 to 600 AD

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3
Q

Near the equator which direction to the stars appear to travel on a north to south axis?

A

East to west

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4
Q

Who began to catalog marine organisms?

A

Aristotle

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5
Q

Who in 270 to 190 BC calculated the Earth’s circumference to be 40,250 km only 183 km off of the actual circumference?

A

Eratosthenes

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6
Q

Who created the first world atlas and established world boundaries?

A

Ptolemy

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7
Q

Where did the Vikings reach in 871?

A

Iceland

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8
Q

Where did Erik Thorvaldsen discover in 982?

A

Greenland

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9
Q

Who created the 1769 Franklin-Folger chart of the Gulf Stream current?

A

Benjamin Franklin

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10
Q

When was the US Naval Hydrographic Office set up?

A

1830

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11
Q

Lieutenant Matthew F. Maury produced the first what in 1847?

A

Wind and current charts of the North Atlantic

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12
Q

Who created the still generally accepted atoll formation theory?

A

Charles Darwin

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13
Q

Edward Forbes began a what around the British Isles and Mediterranean and Aegean Seas?

A

Systematic survey of Marine life

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14
Q

Who mistakenly theorized the environment below 550 m was without life?

A

Edward Forbes

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15
Q

Who tested theories on ocean current by freezing a vessel and floating with it?

A

Fridtjof Nansen

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16
Q

When was NOAA formed?

A

1970

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17
Q

When was the ten year International Decade of Ocean Exploration?

A

1970’s

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18
Q

Who was the first European explorer to reach India?

A

Vasco De Gama

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19
Q

Where was Vasco de Gama from?

A

Portugal

20
Q

Who led the first expedition that successfully circumnavigated the globe?

A

Ferdinand Magellan

21
Q

Who was the first to round the Cape of Good Hope?

A

Bartolomeu Dias

22
Q

Who was the first European explorer to reach Central America?

A

Christopher Columbus

23
Q

Where was Columbus from? Who sponsored his exploration?

A

Genoa, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

24
Q

What French explorer led 3 expeditions to Canada in search of the Northwest Passage?

A

Jacques Cartier

25
Q

Who was the first European to set foot in Florida?

A

Ponce de Leon

26
Q

Who was a Portuguese Prince and patron of explorers.

A

Henry the Navigator

27
Q

Who developed a recognizable map of the Mediterranean region in 450 BCE?

A

Herodotus

28
Q

Who published the first chart of the Gulf Stream? What year?

A

Benjamin Franklin, 1770

29
Q

Who discovered the shipwrecked Titanic, and in what year?

A

Dr. Robert Ballard, 1985

30
Q

Which man invented the first bathyscaphe in 1937?

A

Auguste Piccard

31
Q

Which man took a bathyscaphe to the bottom of the Marianas Trench on January 23, 1960?

A

Jacques Piccard (Son of Auguste Piccard)

32
Q

Which person is famous for her books Silent Spring and The Sea Around Us, which brought attention to DDT and other toxic chemicals?

A

Rachael Carson

33
Q

Which submarine was the first to sink a warship?

A

H.L. Hunley. Part of Confederate Army.

34
Q

What happened to the USS Thresher?

A

The submarine was traveling along a pychnocline and was caught by an internal wave. The wave pushed it down to depth and it imploded.

35
Q

What was the name of Jacques Cousteau‘s ship?

A

Calypso

36
Q

What was the name of the wind power system developed by Cousteau?

A

Turbosail

37
Q

Cousteau’s invention that allowed people to swim underwater for long periods of time

A

Aqualung

38
Q

Name do the original old-timey dive helmet?

A

Miller Dunn Helmet

39
Q

What were the limitations of the Miller Dunn Helmet?

A

Had to have a boat to pump in air
Hard to see out of
Could only walk on the sea floor

40
Q

Who invented the bathysphere and when?

A

Otis Barton, 1930

41
Q

Name of one of Cousteau’s most famous films and why was it significant?

A

The silent world, first underwater movie in color

42
Q

Where was the first voyage of the Calypso?

A

The Red Sea

43
Q

Camera invented by Cousteau

A

Calypso-Phot

44
Q

The name of the underwater houses built by Cousteau

A

Conshelf

45
Q

Who was the first person to circumnavigate Antarctica?

A

James cook

Ocean Bowl Dos.0 (32 decks)

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