Marine Energy

Question 1

When 1 gram of ice is at a temperature of 0 degrees Centigrade how many calories must be added for the water to melt?

Answer 1

80 Calories

Question 2

What is the latent heat of Vaporization?

Answer 2

The amount of energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds and change the state from liquid to gas

Question 3

When one gram of liquid water is at a temperature of 100 degrees Centigrade how many calories are required to vaporize the water?

Answer 3

540 Calories

Question 4

The conversion of a liquid to a gas below its boiling point is called what?

Answer 4

Evaporation

Question 5

The latent heat of evaporation at 20 Degrees Centigrade is what?

Answer 5

585 Calories

Question 6

Define Heat Capacity

Answer 6

The amount of heat required to raise the the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Centigrade

Question 7

The angle between the Hydrogen atoms in a water molecule has a measure of how many degrees?

Answer 7

105 Degrees

Question 8

Water Density is affected by

Answer 8

Temperature, Salinity, and Pressure

Question 9

Define Thermal Contraction

Answer 9

The idea that the density of most substances increases as its temperature decreases

Question 10

Thermal Contraction in pure water exist only to a certain temperature what is this temperature?

Answer 10

4 Degrees Centigrade

Question 11

Ice is less dense than water because

Answer 11

Ice crystals take up more volume than liquid water which causes the volume to expand and density to decrease

Question 12

What is the latent heat of melting?

Answer 12

The energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold water molecules rigidly in place.

Question 13

Define Salinity

Answer 13

The total amount solid material dissolved in water

Question 14

Seawater is about how many times saltier than fresh water?

Answer 14

220 Times Saltier

Question 15

What is the Principle of Constant Proportions?

Answer 15

All the major dissolved constituents occur nearly everywhere in the ocean in the exact same proportions

Question 16

What is the residence time of Sodium in seawater?

Answer 16

260 Million Years

Question 17

What is the residence time of Potassium in Seawater?

Answer 17

11 Million Years

Question 18

The residence time of Calcium is how many years?

Answer 18

8 Million Years

Question 19

The residence time of Silicon is

Answer 19

10,000 Years

Question 20

The residence time of Manganese is

Answer 20

7,000 Years

Question 21

The Residence time of Iron is

Answer 21

140 Years

Question 22

The residence time of Aluminum is

Answer 22

100 Years

Question 23

Ions that attach to surfaces of sinking clay and biologic particles do so through a process called what?

Answer 23

Adsorption

Question 24

What percent of all water on earth exists in the world ocean?

Answer 24

97.2%

Question 25

What percent of the worlds water is frozen in glaciers and ice caps?

Answer 25

2.15%

Question 26

What percent of Earths water exists in groundwater and soil moisture?

Answer 26

0.62%

Question 27

What percent of Earths water exists in streams and lakes?

Answer 27

0.02%

Question 28

What percent of water on Earth resides in the atmosphere as water vapor?

Answer 28

0.001%

Question 29

The Halocline, Pycnocline, and Thermocline all typically occur in what range of depth?

Answer 29

300 to 1000 Meters

Question 30

What are terminator devices?

Answer 30

Energy harnessing devices oriented perpendicular to the wave, offshore or nearshore, and harness 500 kW to 2 MW.

Question 31

What are attenuators?

Answer 31

Harnessing devices parallel to the waves, rides it like a ship.

Question 32

What is a point absorber?

Answer 32

A floating structure that harnesses wave energy by bobbing components in the center.

Question 33

What is an overtopping device?

Answer 33

A small pileup of waves is created in a reservoir which then fall back down and creates energy.

Question 34

What is the name for the first tidal barrage used to generate energy, and where is it located?

Answer 34

Rance Tidal Power Station; Rance River, France

Question 35

What US Navy project created the PowerBuoy technology, a point absorber?

Answer 35

Littoral Expedition Autonomous Power Buoy