Marine Sanctuaries and Protected areas Flashcards
What is a marine reserve?
A protected area that is a “no-take” zone. Fishing, aquaculture, dredging are prohibited.
Swimming, boating, and scuba diving are permitted.
What is an MPA?
Marine Protected Area; often synonymous with marine sanctuary.
The National Marine Sanctuary System consists of how many areas?
13
When was the National Marine Sanctuary System founded? What was it in response to?
1969; Santa Barbara oil spill.
Where is the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary? What activities are allowed?
Off the Pacific coast of California, there’s lobster diving
What is significant about the Channel Islands?
Diverse species, cultural significance to the Chumash people, 150 shipwrecks
Where is the Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary? What activities are not allowed?
Seamount northwest of San Francisco, founded 1989. There are strong currents the deter diving.
What is significant about Cordell Bank? (Why is it a sanctuary?)
California Current drives upwelling in the region. Migratory birds breed and humpback and blue whales feeing ground
What is significant about the National Marine Sanctuary of the American Samoa (Fagatele Bay)? (Why is it a sanctuary?)
Fringing coral reef ecosystem with the widest variety of life of the entire System.
Where is the National Marine Sanctuary of the American Samoa (also known as Fagatele Bay) and when was it founded? When did the name change?
Only 1/4 of a square mile on the coast of Tutulia, American Samoa. 1986. Very recently.
What is significant about the Florida Keys and when was it founded?
Contains the only barrier reef in N. America and the largest seagrass in the world. 1990.
Where is the Flower Garden Banks National Sanctuary located? When was it founded?
Northwestern Gulf of Mexico, near Port Arthur, Texas. 1992, modified in 1996 (Stetson Bay added)
Where is Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary and when was it founded?
Off the coast of Georgia. 1981.
What is significant about Gray’s Reef?
It has a “live bottom” (full of life).
Where is the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary and when was it founded?
Off the coast of California (between Monterey Bay and Cordell Banks). 1981.
When was the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whales National Marine Sanctuary founded?
1992.
Where is the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary? When was it founded?
Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. (Only 1 nautical mile wide). 1975, first in the System.
What is significant about Monitor?
Site of the USS Monitor shipwreck
Where is the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS) and when was it founded?
Off of the coast of California. Largest sanctuary of the System (15,783 square km). Established in 1992.
What is significant about Monterey Bay?
Monterey Submarine Canyon, which is deeper than the Grand Canyon
Who administers the National Marine Sanctuary System?
NOAA.
Where is the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary and when was it founded?
Olympic Peninsula of Washington State. 1994.
What is significant about the Olympic Coast?
Upwelling and Native American Cultural significance
Where is the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary and when was it founded?
Mouth of Massachusetts Bay, between Cape Cod and Cape Ann.
What is significant about Stellwagen Bank?
underwater plateau at about 30-40 m produces upwelling
Where is the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and when was it founded?
Lake Huron.
What is significant about Thunder Bay?
116 shipwrecks (shipwreck ally)
Where is the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument and when was it founded?
Also a World Heritage site, located on the smaller, trailing Hawaiian islands. 2006 (named by George Bush).
Who manages Papahānaumokuākea?
Department of Commerce, the Department of the Interior, and the State of Hawaii.
What is the significance of Papahānaumokuākea?
Has both national and cultural resources.
What activities are prohibited in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary?
“No-take” zone. Drilling, dredging, or injuring coral are not allowed. Recreational fishing, diving, and swimming are permitted.
What activities are prohibited in the Flower Garden Banks?
“No-take” zone. Disturbing loggerheads and rays, anchoring, discharging, fishing except with conventional hook-and-line gear.
What is significant about the Greater Farallones?
Protects sea birds, gray whales, seals, great white sharks.
What is significant about the Hawaiian Islands sanctuary?
Protects the North Pacific humpback whales that migrate to Hawaii in winter.
What is unique about the Hawaiian Islands sanctuary regulations?
There are no “no-take”, “no-wake” zones. Even permits dumping of ship waste.
What activities are allowed in Thunder Bay?
Diving, fishing, boating, research and education.
What activities are prohibited in Thunder Bay?
Altering the bottom, recovering shipwrecks, etc.
