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2nd year hell > Properties of Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Properties of Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

what are the physical properties of carbohydrates

A
  1. appearance
  2. solubility
  3. relative sweetness
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2
Q

appearance: white and crystalline

A

monosaccharides and disaccharides

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3
Q

physical appearance of starches

A

amorphous powder

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4
Q

fibrous appearance

A

cellulose

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5
Q

inversely proportional to the complexity of the carbohydrate’s structures

A

solubility

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6
Q

more soluble in water

A

monosaccharides and disaccharides

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7
Q

insoluble, forms colloidal solutions

A

higher CHO

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8
Q

Cellulose: soluble or insoluble

A

insoluble

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9
Q

relative sweetness of sugar
(in order)

A
  1. fructose (100)
  2. relative sugar (75)
  3. sucrose (58)
  4. glucose (43)
  5. maltose (19)
  6. galactose (19)
  7. lactose (9.2)
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10
Q

what are the chemical properties of carbohydrates

A
  1. reducing properties
  2. osazone formation
  3. action of alkalis
  4. action of acids
  5. fermentation
  6. oxidation
  7. reduction
  8. esterification
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11
Q

allow for the reduction of alkaline metals and transforming them into organic acids

A

reducing properties

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12
Q

what groups of sugar contain reducing properties

A

monosaccharides and disaccharides

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13
Q

what are the tests for reducing properties

A
  1. Benedict’s Test
  2. Fehling’s Test
  3. Nylander’s Test
  4. Barfoed’s Test
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14
Q

This test’s reagent is
CuSO in NaOH
Na-citrate

A

Benedict’s Test

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15
Q

positive result for Benedict’s Test

A

reddish brown to red precipitate

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16
Q

true or false:
a positive result means sugar has a reducing property

A

true

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17
Q

This test’s reagent is
Bismuth precipitate

A

Nylander’s Test

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18
Q

a black metallic precipitate

A

Bismuth precipitate

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19
Q

positive result of Nylander’s Test

A

Black

20
Q

time-based / time-sensitive test

A

Barfoed’s Test

21
Q

this test’s reagent is
Cupric acetate in weak acetic acid

A

Barfoed’s Test

22
Q

Barfoed’s Test positive result

A

Red

23
Q

formation of crystals

A

Osazone formation

24
Q

can be used to identify sugars from mixed samples

A

Osazone formation

25
Q

when a solution of reducing sugar is with a strong alkali, a brown color will develop with a caramel-like odor

A

Moore’s Test

26
Q

In the presence of a weak alkali, rearrangement of the atoms in the molecule may take place, with the result that one sugar may change into another

A

Lobry De Bruyn-Van Ekenstein Transformation

27
Q

compounds having the same chemical formula but have differences in the order of atomic connectivities and bonding

A

constitutional isomer

28
Q

compounds having the same chemical formula but have differences in their three-dimensional orientations

A

stereoisomer

29
Q

similar atoms on the same and opposite side of the double bond

A

geometric

30
Q

mirror images of each other that cannot be superimposed on one another

A

optical

31
Q

a type of constitutional isomerism that involves the interconversion of one isomer form to another

A

tautomerism

32
Q

breakdown of disaccharides and polysaccharides into monosaccharides

A

Action of Acids

33
Q

what do these acids form when they act on monosaccharides by dehydrating them

A

furfural derivatives

34
Q

Pentoses = Furfural
Hexoses =

A

hydroxymethylfurfural

35
Q

Tests for action of acids

A
  1. Molisch Test
  2. Anthrone Test
  3. Seliwanoff’s Test
  4. Tollen’s Phloroglucinol Test
36
Q

conversion of sugar(CHO) to alcohol or acid

A

Fermentation

37
Q

hardest to ferment

A

galactose

38
Q

enzyme in yeast

A

zymase

39
Q

more readily oxidized forming sugar acids

A

aldose

40
Q

oxidation of aldehyde group

A

aldonic acids

41
Q

oxidation of primary ROH

A

uronic acid

42
Q

oxidation of both aldehyde group and primary ROH

A

aldaric/saccharic acid

43
Q

most common acid used in aldaric/saccharic acid

A

nitric acid

44
Q

absorption of energy and the formation of of products convertibles into fats

A

Reduction

45
Q

removal of water for the substitution of alcohol

A

Esterification

46
Q

*Glucose-6-Phosphate (G6PD)

A

*nut allergy

2nd year hell (13 decks)

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