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2nd year hell > carbs > Flashcards

carbs Flashcards

1
Q

empirical formula of carbohydrates

A

CHO

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2
Q

Carbohydrates are composed of what molecules linked together? Because they contain

A

sugar (saccharides)

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3
Q

Cheapest source of cellular fuel in the form of ATP / energy

A

Carbohydrates

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4
Q

2 groups of carbohydrates

A
  1. polyhydroxy aldehydes
  2. polyhydroxy ketones
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5
Q

polyhydroxy aldehydes carbonyl group

A

terminal carbon atom

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6
Q

polyhydroxy ketones carbonyl group

A

second carbon atom

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7
Q

importance/functions of carbs

A
  1. major source of cellular fuel
  2. structural component of living cells
  3. building materials
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8
Q

containing only 1 saccharide unit

A

monosaccharides

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9
Q

suffix

A

'’ose’’

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10
Q

contain the same number of atoms of the same element but differ in the structural arrangement and properties

A

isomers

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11
Q

two sugars which differ only in the configuration around a single C atom

A

epimers

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12
Q

4 different radicals are attached

A

asymmetric carbon

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13
Q

same molecular and structural formula but differ in the orientation of atoms

A

stereoisomerism

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14
Q

the ability to form two sugars (mirror of each other)

A

enantiomers

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15
Q

the change in optical rotation to achieve equilibrium

A

mutarotation

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16
Q

2 mutarotations

A
  1. dextrorotatory (right)
  2. levorotatory (left)
17
Q

different monosaccharides

A
  1. glucose
  2. galactose
  3. mannose
  4. fructose
18
Q

most abundant sugar found in the blood stream ; grape sugar, blood sugar, plasma sugar

A

glucose

19
Q

brain sugar ; not natural sugar

A

galactose

20
Q

natural ketohexose ; sweetest of all sugars (honey)

A

fructose

21
Q

combination of two monosaccharides

A

disaccharides

22
Q

disaccharides

A
  1. sucrose
  2. lactose
  3. maltose
  4. cellobiose
23
Q

1 glucose + 1 fructose ; table sugar ; artificial sweeteners

A

sucrose

24
Q

1 glucose + 1 galactose ; milk

A

lactose

25
Q

glucose + glucose ; alcoholic sugar

A

maltose

26
Q

complex structures of carbohydrates ; contains many monosaccharide units

A

polysaccharides

27
Q

carbohydrates with similar repeating units

A

homopolysaccharides

28
Q

upon hydrolysis; yields sugar and sugar derivatives

A

heteropolysaccharides

29
Q

dietary carbohydrates

A
  1. starch
  2. sucrose
  3. cellulose
  4. lactose
  5. glycogen
  6. pentosan
30
Q

simple diffusion sugar

A

pentose

31
Q

active transport sugar

A

glucose and galactose

32
Q

veins of GIT

A
  1. superior mesenteric veins
  2. splenic veins
  3. inferior mesenteric veins
33
Q

serves to capture the monosaccharides in the cells

A

phosphorylation

34
Q

enzymes of phosphorylation

A

hexokinases

2nd year hell (13 decks)

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