BioChem pt1

Question 1

study of the molecular basis of life;
study of biomolecules

Answer 1

biochemistry

Question 2

Biomolecules Processes

Answer 2

1. Digestion
2. Absorption
3. Utilization
4. Excretion
5. Assimilation
6. Integration into Tissues
7. Biotransformation and Metabolic Degradation

Question 3

founded modern biochemistry

Answer 3

Freidrich Wohler 1828

Question 4

different structures and properties of the different biomolecules

Answer 4

Molecular Anatomy

Question 5

organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Answer 5

carbohydrates

Question 6

linear projection (carbohydrate)

Answer 6

Fischer Projection

Question 7

ring form (carbohydrate)

Answer 7

Haworth Projection

Question 8

biomolecules that contain an amino acid group and a carboxylate group as well as a side chain

Answer 8

proteins

Question 9

these are generally water-insoluble organic compounds that form the biological membrane

Answer 9

lipids

Question 10

polymers composed of monomers called nucleotides

Answer 10

nucleic acids

Question 11

concerned about the functions of the different biological molecules

Answer 11

molecular physiology

Question 12

3 works within cells

Answer 12

1. mechanical work
2. osmotic/electrical work
3. synthetic work

Question 13

work within cell

a change of location or posture of an organism, cell or cellular structure

Answer 13

mechanical work

Question 14

mechanical work

compounds or ions that are often moved against a concentration gradient

Answer 14

osmotic/electrical work

Question 15

work within cell

a change in chemical bonds required to generate complex molecules from simple precursors

Answer 15

synthetic work

Question 16

organized sequence of chemical reactions that are needed to extract

Answer 16

metabolic pathway

Question 17

2 types of metabolic pathway

Answer 17

1. linear metabolic pathway
2. cyclic metabolic pathway

Question 18

series of reactions generate a final product

Answer 18

linear metabolic pathway

Question 19

series of reactions regenerates the first reactant

Answer 19

cyclic metabolic pathway

Question 20

breakdown of large food into smaller particles

Answer 20

digestion

Question 21

conversion of big food into smaller observable particles

Answer 21

mechanical digestion

Question 22

conversion of big food particles into smaller absorbable forms

Answer 22

chemical digestion

Question 23

diffusion or movement of nutrients and other ingested materials

Answer 23

absorption

Question 24

absorption is facilitated by

Answer 24

microvilli

Question 25

selective uptake of specific nutrients by an organ in the body

Answer 25

assimilation

Question 26

process by which the absorbed nutrients are used by the different cells for a specific purpose or function

Answer 26

utilization

Question 27

absorbed nutrients are included or incorporated into the structural framework of the body

Answer 27

integration into tissues

Question 28

all harmful and potentially toxic materials introduced into the body are inactivated or detoxified by the liver into smth non/less toxic

Answer 28

biotransformation and metabolic degradation

Question 29

2 forms of biotransformation and metabolic degradation

Answer 29

1. metabolic degradation 2. biosynthesis

Question 30

breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones

Answer 30

metabolic degradation

Question 31

combination of simpler substances to make a complex one

Answer 31

biosynthesis

Question 32

metabolic wastes expelled or removed from the body

Answer 32

excretion

Question 33

organs of secretion

Answer 33

1. lungs 2. kidneys 3. skin 4. GIT

Question 34

chemical reaction where the body turns food nutrients into energy

Answer 34

metabolism

Question 35

2 types of metabolism

Answer 35

1. anabolism 2. catabolism

Question 36

constructive phase of metabolism

Answer 36

anabolism

Question 37

destructive phase of metabolism

Answer 37

catabolism

Question 38

simplest structural unit of life

Answer 38

cell

Question 39

primitive types with no distinct nucleus and cytoplasm organelles

Answer 39

prokaryotic cell

Question 40

definite nuclear and cytoplasmic structures; has organelles; multicellular

Answer 40

eukaryotic cell

Question 41

master control of the cell; directs, orders, and regulates all metabolic activities

Answer 41

nucleus

Question 42

intracellular fluid surrounding the organelles; site of many chemical reactions

Answer 42

cytosol

Question 43

homogenous mixture of two or more components

Answer 43

solution

Question 44

a barrier that allows only specific substances to pass through the cell membrane

Answer 44

selective permeability

Question 45

movement in the cell membrane that does not require energy

Answer 45

passive transport

Question 46

movement in the cell membrane that requires energy or specific carrier proteins

Answer 46

active transport

Question 47

process by which molecules and ions tend to scatter throughout space

Answer 47

diffusion

Question 48

process where small molecules move passively through the plasma membrane

Answer 48

simple diffusion

Question 49

protein carrier is needed as a transport vehicle

Answer 49

facilitated diffusion

Question 50

diffusion of water

Answer 50

osmosis

Question 51

ability of a solution to change shape and size of cells by altering the amount of water they contain

Answer 51

tonicity

Question 52

solutions that have the same solute and water concentration as the cells; no change

Answer 52

isotonic solution

Question 53

solutions that contain more solutes than inside the cells; causing crenation; shrink

Answer 53

hypertonic solution

Question 54

solutions that contain fewer solutes than the cell does; cytolysis; burst

Answer 54

hypotonic solution

Question 55

process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure

Answer 55

filtration

Question 56

gradient involved in filtration

Answer 56

pressure gradient

Question 57

2 types of active transport

Answer 57

1. solute pumping *Sodium-Potassium pump (PISO) 2. bulk transport