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2nd year hell > BioChem pt1 > Flashcards

BioChem pt1 Flashcards

1
Q

study of the molecular basis of life;
study of biomolecules

A

biochemistry

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2
Q

Biomolecules Processes

A
  1. Digestion
  2. Absorption
  3. Utilization
  4. Excretion
  5. Assimilation
  6. Integration into Tissues
  7. Biotransformation and Metabolic Degradation
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3
Q

founded modern biochemistry

A

Freidrich Wohler 1828

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4
Q

different structures and properties of the different biomolecules

A

Molecular Anatomy

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5
Q

organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

A

carbohydrates

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6
Q

linear projection (carbohydrate)

A

Fischer Projection

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7
Q

ring form (carbohydrate)

A

Haworth Projection

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8
Q

biomolecules that contain an amino acid group and a carboxylate group as well as a side chain

A

proteins

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9
Q

these are generally water-insoluble organic compounds that form the biological membrane

A

lipids

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10
Q

polymers composed of monomers called nucleotides

A

nucleic acids

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11
Q

concerned about the functions of the different biological molecules

A

molecular physiology

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12
Q

3 works within cells

A
  1. mechanical work
  2. osmotic/electrical work
  3. synthetic work
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13
Q

work within cell

a change of location or posture of an organism, cell or cellular structure

A

mechanical work

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14
Q

mechanical work

compounds or ions that are often moved against a concentration gradient

A

osmotic/electrical work

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15
Q

work within cell

a change in chemical bonds required to generate complex molecules from simple precursors

A

synthetic work

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16
Q

organized sequence of chemical reactions that are needed to extract

A

metabolic pathway

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17
Q

2 types of metabolic pathway

A
  1. linear metabolic pathway
  2. cyclic metabolic pathway
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18
Q

series of reactions generate a final product

A

linear metabolic pathway

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19
Q

series of reactions regenerates the first reactant

A

cyclic metabolic pathway

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20
Q

breakdown of large food into smaller particles

A

digestion

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21
Q

conversion of big food into smaller observable particles

A

mechanical digestion

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22
Q

conversion of big food particles into smaller absorbable forms

A

chemical digestion

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23
Q

diffusion or movement of nutrients and other ingested materials

A

absorption

24
Q

absorption is facilitated by

A

microvilli

25
Q

selective uptake of specific nutrients by an organ in the body

A

assimilation

26
Q

process by which the absorbed nutrients are used by the different cells for a specific purpose or function

A

utilization

27
Q

absorbed nutrients are included or incorporated into the structural framework of the body

A

integration into tissues

28
Q

all harmful and potentially toxic materials introduced into the body are inactivated or detoxified by the liver into smth non/less toxic

A

biotransformation and metabolic degradation

29
Q

2 forms of biotransformation and metabolic degradation

A
  1. metabolic degradation
  2. biosynthesis
30
Q

breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones

A

metabolic degradation

31
Q

combination of simpler substances to make a complex one

A

biosynthesis

32
Q

metabolic wastes expelled or removed from the body

A

excretion

33
Q

organs of secretion

A
  1. lungs
  2. kidneys
  3. skin
  4. GIT
34
Q

chemical reaction where the body turns food nutrients into energy

A

metabolism

35
Q

2 types of metabolism

A
  1. anabolism
  2. catabolism
36
Q

constructive phase of metabolism

A

anabolism

37
Q

destructive phase of metabolism

A

catabolism

38
Q

simplest structural unit of life

A

cell

39
Q

primitive types with no distinct nucleus and cytoplasm organelles

A

prokaryotic cell

40
Q

definite nuclear and cytoplasmic structures; has organelles; multicellular

A

eukaryotic cell

41
Q

master control of the cell; directs, orders, and regulates all metabolic activities

A

nucleus

42
Q

intracellular fluid surrounding the organelles; site of many chemical reactions

A

cytosol

43
Q

homogenous mixture of two or more components

A

solution

44
Q

a barrier that allows only specific substances to pass through the cell membrane

A

selective permeability

45
Q

movement in the cell membrane that does not require energy

A

passive transport

46
Q

movement in the cell membrane that requires energy or specific carrier proteins

A

active transport

47
Q

process by which molecules and ions tend to scatter throughout space

A

diffusion

48
Q

process where small molecules move passively through the plasma membrane

A

simple diffusion

49
Q

protein carrier is needed as a transport vehicle

A

facilitated diffusion

50
Q

diffusion of water

A

osmosis

51
Q

ability of a solution to change shape and size of cells by altering the amount of water they contain

A

tonicity

52
Q

solutions that have the same solute and water concentration as the cells; no change

A

isotonic solution

53
Q

solutions that contain more solutes than inside the cells; causing crenation; shrink

A

hypertonic solution

54
Q

solutions that contain fewer solutes than the cell does; cytolysis; burst

A

hypotonic solution

55
Q

process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure

A

filtration

56
Q

gradient involved in filtration

A

pressure gradient

57
Q

2 types of active transport

A
  1. solute pumping
    *Sodium-Potassium pump (PISO)
  2. bulk transport

2nd year hell (13 decks)

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