BioChem pt2

Question 1

Responsible for the storage and passage of the information needed for the production of proteins; Macromolecules

Answer 1

nucleic acids

Question 2

nucleic acids were first discovered in

Answer 2

nuclei of cells

Question 3

yields nitrogen base, sugar and phosphoric acid

Answer 3

hydrolysis

Question 4

conjugated proteins

Answer 4

nucleoproteins

Question 5

isolated the virus that causes tobacco mosaic disease

Answer 5

W.M. Stanley (1935)

Question 6

discovered that the virus that causes tobacco mosaic disease is a ribonucleoprotein

Answer 6

Bawden and Pirie (1986)

Question 7

these can reproduce inside living cells but are incapable of doing so independently

Answer 7

virus

Question 8

the protein helps in penetration of the bacterial cell

Answer 8

bacteriophage

Question 9

they are classified by containing either DNA or RNA

Answer 9

animal viruses

Question 10

nitrogenous base + sugar

Answer 10

nucleoside

Question 11

nitrogenous base + sugar + phosphate group ; basic structural unit of nucleic acids

Answer 11

nucleotide

Question 12

nitrogenous base of dna

Answer 12

1. adenine
2. guanine
3. cytosine
4. thymine

Question 13

nitrogenous base of rna

Answer 13

1. adenine
2. guanine
3. cytosine
4. uracyl

Question 14

genetic material

Answer 14

dna

Question 15

carrier of genetic information; ribosomes

Answer 15

rna

Question 16

the sum total of all hereditary material contained in a cell

Answer 16

genome

Question 17

link that joins nucleotides together

Answer 17

internucleotide linkage

Question 18

two nucleotide strands winding
about each other like a spiral staircase

Answer 18

double helical structure

Question 19

unwinds the helix, and single-strand binding proteins prevent the helix from re-forming

Answer 19

helicase

Question 20

The amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of
thymine
The amount of guanine is always equal to the amount of
cytosine

Answer 20

Chargaff’s Rules

Question 21

biochemical process by which dna molecules produce exact dupes of themselves

Answer 21

dna replication

Question 22

joins okazaki fragments together

Answer 22

ligase

Question 23

catalyzes the formation of a new phosphodiester linkage between the nucleotide and the growing strand

Answer 23

polymerase

Question 24

Structural units that provide the most stable arrangement for the long DNA molecule

Answer 24

chromosomes

Question 25

5 major types of rna

Answer 25

1. heterogenous nuclear rna 2. messenger rna 3. small nuclear rna 4. ribosomal rna 5. transfer rna

Question 26

rna formed directly by dna transcription

Answer 26

heterogenous nuclear rna

Question 27

rna that facilitates the conversion of heterogenous nuclear rna to messenger rna

Answer 27

small nuclear rna

Question 28

carries the genetic information from the dna in the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis

Answer 28

messenger rna

Question 29

interprets the genetic code

Answer 29

transfer rna

Question 30

Makes up of 60% of the structural material of ribosomes; no informational function

Answer 30

ribosomal rna

Question 31

site of protein synthesis

Answer 31

ribosomes

Question 32

dna --- rna

Answer 32

transcription

Question 33

rna --- protein

Answer 33

translation

Question 34

aka "one gene-one protein hypothesis"

Answer 34

central dogma

Question 35

biosynthesis of proteins

Answer 35

1. initiation 2. elongation 3. termination

Question 36

start of protein synthesis

Answer 36

AUG/GUG (initiation)

Question 37

formation of peptide chain which assembles one amino acid at a time

Answer 37

elongation

Question 38

termination

Answer 38

UGA / UAA / UAG

Question 39

Genetic information from DNA in encoded in the mRNA as a sequence of nucleotides

Answer 39

genetic code

Question 40

characteristics of codon

Answer 40

1. universal 2. degenerate 3. continuous

Question 41

All plants, animals and bacterial cell have the same codon to specify each amino acid

Answer 41

universal

Question 42

More than one triplet can code for a particular amino acid

Answer 42

degenerate

Question 43

Non-overlapping; Adjacent codons do not overlap

Answer 43

continuous

Question 44

a change in the DNA base sequence that alters the structure and function of the protein in the cell

Answer 44

dna mutation

Question 45

kinds of mutation

Answer 45

1. beneficial 2. harmful 3. silent

Question 46

types of mutation

Answer 46

1. substitution 2. frame shift mutation

Question 47

factors that causes mutation

Answer 47

1. viruses 2. x-rays 3. UV light 4. chemicals

Question 48

agents that causes mutation

Answer 48

mutagen

Question 49

4 means of manipulating genes

Answer 49

1. genetic engineering 2. genetic manipulation 3. gene splicing 4. recombinant dna technology