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2nd year hell > BioChem pt2 > Flashcards

BioChem pt2 Flashcards

1
Q

Responsible for the storage and passage of the information needed for the production of proteins; Macromolecules

A

nucleic acids

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2
Q

nucleic acids were first discovered in

A

nuclei of cells

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3
Q

yields nitrogen base, sugar and phosphoric acid

A

hydrolysis

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4
Q

conjugated proteins

A

nucleoproteins

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5
Q

isolated the virus that causes tobacco mosaic disease

A

W.M. Stanley (1935)

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6
Q

discovered that the virus that causes tobacco mosaic disease is a ribonucleoprotein

A

Bawden and Pirie (1986)

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7
Q

these can reproduce inside living cells but are incapable of doing so independently

A

virus

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8
Q

the protein helps in penetration of the bacterial cell

A

bacteriophage

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9
Q

they are classified by containing either DNA or RNA

A

animal viruses

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10
Q

nitrogenous base + sugar

A

nucleoside

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11
Q

nitrogenous base + sugar + phosphate group ; basic structural unit of nucleic acids

A

nucleotide

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12
Q

nitrogenous base of dna

A
  1. adenine
  2. guanine
  3. cytosine
  4. thymine
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13
Q

nitrogenous base of rna

A
  1. adenine
  2. guanine
  3. cytosine
  4. uracyl
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14
Q

genetic material

A

dna

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15
Q

carrier of genetic information; ribosomes

A

rna

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16
Q

the sum total of all hereditary material contained in a cell

A

genome

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17
Q

link that joins nucleotides together

A

internucleotide linkage

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18
Q

two nucleotide strands winding
about each other like a spiral staircase

A

double helical structure

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19
Q

unwinds the helix, and single-strand binding proteins prevent the helix from re-forming

A

helicase

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20
Q

The amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of
thymine
The amount of guanine is always equal to the amount of
cytosine

A

Chargaff’s Rules

21
Q

biochemical process by which dna molecules produce exact dupes of themselves

A

dna replication

22
Q

joins okazaki fragments together

A

ligase

23
Q

catalyzes the formation of a new phosphodiester linkage between the nucleotide and the growing strand

A

polymerase

24
Q

Structural units that provide the most stable arrangement for the long DNA molecule

A

chromosomes

25
Q

5 major types of rna

A
  1. heterogenous nuclear rna
  2. messenger rna
  3. small nuclear rna
  4. ribosomal rna
  5. transfer rna
26
Q

rna formed directly by dna transcription

A

heterogenous nuclear rna

27
Q

rna that facilitates the conversion of heterogenous nuclear rna to messenger rna

A

small nuclear rna

28
Q

carries the genetic information from the dna in the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis

A

messenger rna

29
Q

interprets the genetic code

A

transfer rna

30
Q

Makes up of 60% of the structural material of ribosomes; no informational function

A

ribosomal rna

31
Q

site of protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

32
Q

dna — rna

A

transcription

33
Q

rna — protein

A

translation

34
Q

aka “one gene-one protein hypothesis”

A

central dogma

35
Q

biosynthesis of proteins

A
  1. initiation
  2. elongation
  3. termination
36
Q

start of protein synthesis

A

AUG/GUG (initiation)

37
Q

formation of peptide chain which assembles one amino acid at a time

A

elongation

38
Q

termination

A

UGA / UAA / UAG

39
Q

Genetic information from DNA in encoded in the mRNA as a sequence of nucleotides

A

genetic code

40
Q

characteristics of codon

A
  1. universal
  2. degenerate
  3. continuous
41
Q

All plants, animals and bacterial cell have the same codon to specify each amino acid

A

universal

42
Q

More than one triplet can code for a
particular amino acid

A

degenerate

43
Q

Non-overlapping; Adjacent codons do not
overlap

A

continuous

44
Q

a change in the DNA base sequence that
alters the structure and function of the protein in the cell

A

dna mutation

45
Q

kinds of mutation

A
  1. beneficial
  2. harmful
  3. silent
46
Q

types of mutation

A
  1. substitution
  2. frame shift mutation
47
Q

factors that causes mutation

A
  1. viruses
  2. x-rays
  3. UV light
  4. chemicals
48
Q

agents that causes mutation

A

mutagen

49
Q

4 means of manipulating genes

A
  1. genetic engineering
  2. genetic manipulation
  3. gene splicing
  4. recombinant dna technology

2nd year hell (13 decks)

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