BioChem pt4

Question 1

referred to as the digestion of the naturally occurring foodstuff into absorbable forms

Answer 1

digestion

Question 2

chemical breakdown of food (mouth)

chewing or mastication

Answer 2

mechanical digestion

Question 3

chemical breakdown of food (mouth)

hydrolysis of starch by salivary amylase

Answer 3

chemical digestion

Question 4

colorless, slightly viscid opalescent fluid which is a mixture of secretions of the three pais of salivary glands

Answer 4

saliva

Question 5

factors influencing the secretion of saliva

Answer 5

1. psychic
2. chemical
3. mechanical

sight, smell and taste of food

Question 6

aka ptyalin

Answer 6

salivary amylase

Question 7

chemical breakdown of food (stomach)

mainly concerned with the digestion of proteins through the action of the enzyme pepsin and HCl

Answer 7

gastric digestion

Question 8

initiates protein digestion producing proteoses, peptones and polypeptides

Answer 8

pepsin

Question 9

3 phases in gastric digestion

Answer 9

1. psychic phase
2. gastric phase
3. intestinal phase

Question 10

includes all processes by which noxious substances are rendered less harmful or more easily excreted

Answer 10

detoxification

Question 11

enzymes in intestinal juice

Answer 11

1. carbohydrates
2. peptidases
3. nucleotidases
4. nucleosidases

Question 12

combined secretion of the intestinal gland at different portions

Answer 12

intestinal juice

Question 13

secreted by the acinar cells of the pancreas

Answer 13

pancreatic juice

Question 14

regulation of pancreatic secretion

Answer 14

1. vagal stimulation
2. hormonal stimulation

Question 15

enzymes in pancreatic juice

Answer 15

1. trypsin
2. chymotrypsin
3. carboxypeptidase
4. pancreatic amylase
5. pancreatic lipase
6. nucleodepolymerase

Question 16

interchange of two gases between the body and its environment

Answer 16

respiration

Question 17

organ of respiration

Answer 17

lungs

Question 18

what has special affinity to oxygen

Answer 18

hemoglobin

Question 19

unstable compound

Answer 19

oxyhemoglobin

Question 20

Other Factors that increase the dissociation of oxyhemoglobin to hemoglobin and oxygen

Answer 20

1. pH or hydrogen ion concentration
2. temperature

Question 21

Hysterical Hyperventilation

Answer 21

respiratory alkalosis

Question 22

Abnormalities of Acid-Base Balance

Answer 22

1. acidosis
2. alkalosis

Question 23

pneumonia, asthma, etc

Answer 23

respiratory acidosis

Question 24

factors affecting the binding of enzyme kinetics

Answer 24

1. energy
2. molecular compatibility
3. space availability
4. specificity

Question 25

factors affecting E and S combination

Answer 25

1. lock and key 2. induced fit model

Question 26

refers to the active site being complementary in shape and size of the substrate

Answer 26

lock and key

Question 27

refers to enzyme changing in shape during binding with substrate

Answer 27

induced fit model

Question 28

factors influencing enzymatic reaction

Answer 28

1. substrate concentration 2. time 3. enzyme concentration 4. temperature 5. pH 6. activators 7. inhibitors 8. coenzyme concentration 9. prosthetic group

Question 29

2 phases of enzyme reaction

Answer 29

first order kinetics zero order kinetics

Question 30

enzyme concentration is fixed and the substrate concentration is varied

Answer 30

first order kinetics

Question 31

the rate depends on the enzyme concentration and independent of substrate concentration

Answer 31

zero order kinetics

Question 32

increase reaction rate for every 10°C increase

Answer 32

Q10 value

Question 33

an inhibitor competing with the natural or real substrate

Answer 33

competitive

Question 34

inhibitor that has a change in shape

Answer 34

non-competitive

Question 35

inhibitor with no product developed

Answer 35

uncompetitive

Question 36

types of inhibition

Answer 36

1. reversible inhibition 2. irreversible inhibition

Question 37

when inhibitors are possible removed from the system and enzyme is fully restored

Answer 37

reversible inhibition

Question 38

when inhibitors combine covalently with the enzyme

Answer 38

irreversible inhibition

Question 39

it refers to the disruption of the structure of enzyme molecule that leads to the loss of enzyme activity

Answer 39

enzyme denaturation

Question 40

units of measurement

Answer 40

1. international unit (IU) 2. Katal

Question 41

deficiency in dietary protein

Answer 41

kwashiorkor

Question 42

slow starvation

Answer 42

marasmus

Question 43

abnormal reduction in rbc

Answer 43

anemia

Question 44

faulty metabolism in uric acid

Answer 44

gout

Question 45

absence of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

Answer 45

phenylketonuria

Question 46

absence of tyrosinase

Answer 46

albinism

Question 47

absence of homogentisic acid

Answer 47

alkaptonuria

Question 48

hydroxyphenylacetic acid

Answer 48

tyrosinosis

Question 49

bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly

Answer 49

hemophilia

Question 50

a condition in which a baby is born with an extra chromosome number 21

Answer 50

down syndrome

Question 51

normal pH ratio

Answer 51

7.4

Question 52

sugar components of dna and rna

Answer 52

DNA: deoxyribose RNA: ribose

Question 53

pyrimidine bases of dna and rna

Answer 53

DNA: 1. cytosine 2. thymine RNA: 1. cytosine 2. uracil

Question 54

color tests

Answer 54

1. fuelgen test 2. dische test 3. orcinol test 4. aniline

Question 55

dna - red rna - negative

Answer 55

fuelgen test

Question 56

dna - blue rna - negative

Answer 56

dische test

Question 57

dna - negative rna - green

Answer 57

orcinol test

Question 58

dna - red rna - negative

Answer 58

aniline

Question 59

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 59

Vitamins A, D, E, K