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2nd year hell > BioChem pt4 > Flashcards

BioChem pt4 Flashcards

1
Q

referred to as the digestion of the naturally occurring foodstuff into absorbable forms

A

digestion

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2
Q

chemical breakdown of food (mouth)

chewing or mastication

A

mechanical digestion

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3
Q

chemical breakdown of food (mouth)

hydrolysis of starch by salivary amylase

A

chemical digestion

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4
Q

colorless, slightly viscid opalescent fluid which is a mixture of secretions of the three pais of salivary glands

A

saliva

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5
Q

factors influencing the secretion of saliva

A
  1. psychic
  2. chemical
  3. mechanical

sight, smell and taste of food

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6
Q

aka ptyalin

A

salivary amylase

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7
Q

chemical breakdown of food (stomach)

mainly concerned with the digestion of proteins through the action of the enzyme pepsin and HCl

A

gastric digestion

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8
Q

initiates protein digestion producing proteoses, peptones and polypeptides

A

pepsin

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9
Q

3 phases in gastric digestion

A
  1. psychic phase
  2. gastric phase
  3. intestinal phase
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10
Q

includes all processes by which noxious substances are rendered less harmful or more easily excreted

A

detoxification

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11
Q

enzymes in intestinal juice

A
  1. carbohydrates
  2. peptidases
  3. nucleotidases
  4. nucleosidases
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12
Q

combined secretion of the intestinal gland at different portions

A

intestinal juice

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13
Q

secreted by the acinar cells of the pancreas

A

pancreatic juice

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14
Q

regulation of pancreatic secretion

A
  1. vagal stimulation
  2. hormonal stimulation
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15
Q

enzymes in pancreatic juice

A
  1. trypsin
  2. chymotrypsin
  3. carboxypeptidase
  4. pancreatic amylase
  5. pancreatic lipase
  6. nucleodepolymerase
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16
Q

interchange of two gases between the body and its environment

A

respiration

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17
Q

organ of respiration

A

lungs

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18
Q

what has special affinity to oxygen

A

hemoglobin

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19
Q

unstable compound

A

oxyhemoglobin

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20
Q

Other Factors that increase the dissociation of oxyhemoglobin to hemoglobin and oxygen

A
  1. pH or hydrogen ion concentration
  2. temperature
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21
Q

Hysterical Hyperventilation

A

respiratory alkalosis

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22
Q

Abnormalities of Acid-Base Balance

A
  1. acidosis
  2. alkalosis
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23
Q

pneumonia, asthma, etc

A

respiratory acidosis

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24
Q

factors affecting the binding of enzyme kinetics

A
  1. energy
  2. molecular compatibility
  3. space availability
  4. specificity
25
Q

factors affecting E and S combination

A
  1. lock and key
  2. induced fit model
26
Q

refers to the active site being complementary in shape and size of the substrate

A

lock and key

27
Q

refers to enzyme changing in shape during binding with substrate

A

induced fit model

28
Q

factors influencing enzymatic reaction

A
  1. substrate concentration
  2. time
  3. enzyme concentration
  4. temperature
  5. pH
  6. activators
  7. inhibitors
  8. coenzyme concentration
  9. prosthetic group
29
Q

2 phases of enzyme reaction

A

first order kinetics
zero order kinetics

30
Q

enzyme concentration is fixed and the substrate concentration is varied

A

first order kinetics

31
Q

the rate depends on the enzyme concentration and independent of substrate concentration

A

zero order kinetics

32
Q

increase reaction rate for every 10°C increase

A

Q10 value

33
Q

an inhibitor competing with the natural or real substrate

A

competitive

34
Q

inhibitor that has a change in shape

A

non-competitive

35
Q

inhibitor with no product developed

A

uncompetitive

36
Q

types of inhibition

A
  1. reversible inhibition
  2. irreversible inhibition
37
Q

when inhibitors are possible removed from the system and enzyme is fully restored

A

reversible inhibition

38
Q

when inhibitors combine covalently with the enzyme

A

irreversible inhibition

39
Q

it refers to the disruption of the structure of enzyme molecule that leads to the loss of enzyme activity

A

enzyme denaturation

40
Q

units of measurement

A
  1. international unit (IU)
  2. Katal
41
Q

deficiency in dietary protein

A

kwashiorkor

42
Q

slow starvation

A

marasmus

43
Q

abnormal reduction in rbc

A

anemia

44
Q

faulty metabolism in uric acid

A

gout

45
Q

absence of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

A

phenylketonuria

46
Q

absence of tyrosinase

A

albinism

47
Q

absence of homogentisic acid

A

alkaptonuria

48
Q

hydroxyphenylacetic acid

A

tyrosinosis

49
Q

bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly

A

hemophilia

50
Q

a condition in which a baby is born with an extra chromosome number 21

A

down syndrome

51
Q

normal pH ratio

A

7.4

52
Q

sugar components of dna and rna

A

DNA:
deoxyribose
RNA:
ribose

53
Q

pyrimidine bases of dna and rna

A

DNA:
1. cytosine
2. thymine
RNA:
1. cytosine
2. uracil

54
Q

color tests

A
  1. fuelgen test
  2. dische test
  3. orcinol test
  4. aniline
55
Q

dna - red
rna - negative

A

fuelgen test

56
Q

dna - blue
rna - negative

A

dische test

57
Q

dna - negative
rna - green

A

orcinol test

58
Q

dna - red
rna - negative

A

aniline

59
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins A, D, E, K

2nd year hell (13 decks)

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