Prologue - Vocabulary

Question 0

Socrates

Answer 0

Concluded that mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies. Knowledge is innate.

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Question 2

Aristotle

Answer 2

Derived principles from observations. Soul is not separable from the body. Knowledge is not pre existing and grows from experience.

Question 3

Descartes

Answer 3

Agreed with existence of innate ideas and the soul being separable from the body.

Question 4

Francis Bacon

Answer 4

Founder of modern science. Introduced scientific method.

Question 5

John Locke

Answer 5

The mind is a blank slate which experience draws on. Formed modern empiricism.

Question 6

Empiricism

Answer 6

A view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experiment.

Question 7

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 7

Created psychology’s first experiment. Opened the first psychology school in Leipzig Germany.

Question 8

Structuralism

Answer 8

Early school of psychology that used introspection to study the elemental structure of the human mind.

Question 9

Edward Titchner

Answer 9

Brought structuralism to the U.S.

Question 10

Introspection

Answer 10

Observation of ones own mental processes.

Question 11

Functionalism

Answer 11

A school of psychology that focused on mental and behavioral process.

Question 12

William James

Answer 12

Developed functionalism. Mentored Mary Calkins.

Question 13

Mary Calkins

Answer 13

Taught by William James and then went on to become a memory researcher.

Question 14

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 14

First female psychologist to receive Ph. D.

Question 15

Humanistic psychology

Answer 15

A perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people. Full growth potential.

Question 16

Nature/nurture issue

Answer 16

Do traits develop from experience or are we born with them?

Question 17

Natural selection

Answer 17

Nature chooses the best in the species to survive.

Question 18

Levels of analysis

Answer 18

Differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.

Question 19

Basic research

Answer 19

Gathering of data to build psychology’s knowledge base.

Question 20

Applied research

Answer 20

Using data and applying it to real life.

Question 21

Psychiatry

Answer 21

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders. Practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy.

Question 22

Counseling psychology

Answer 22

Looking at day to life, they help people with daily challenges by recognizing their strengths and resources.

Question 23

Clinical psychology

Answer 23

Evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with psychological disorders. (Mental, emotional, and behavioral)

Question 24

Developmental psychologist

Answer 24

Look at human development from beginning to end of life.

Question 25

Cognitive psychologist

Answer 25

Focuses on higher mental processes such as memory, reasoning, information processing, language, and problem solving.

Question 26

Personality psychologists

Answer 26

Interested in describing and understanding individuals’ consistency in behavior, which represents their personality. Also concerned with the factors that shape personality with personality assessment.

Question 27

Social psychologist

Answer 27

Focuses on interpersonal behavior and the role of social forces in governing behavior.

Question 28

Biological Psychologists

Answer 28

Explore the links between mind and body.