Chapter 2 - Second Half

Question 0

Medulla

Answer 0

Base of the brainstem that controls heart beats and breathing.

Question 1

Brain stem

Answer 1

Oldest part of the brain. Responsible for automatic survival functions.

Question 2

Reticular Formation

Answer 2

A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in arousal.

Question 3

Thalamus

Answer 3

The brains sensory switchboard located on top of the brainstem. It directs messages to the sensory receiving areas on the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.

Question 4

Hippocampus

Answer 4

A neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage.

Question 5

Pons

Answer 5

A part of the brain that connects the medulla and the thalamus.

Question 6

Cerebellum

Answer 6

Little brain; it processes sensory input and coordinates movement output and balance.

Question 7

Limbic System

Answer 7

A doughnut shaped system of neural structures at the boarder of the brain stem and the cerebral hemispheres. Associated with emotions such as fear and anger and drives those such as hunger and sex.

Question 8

Amygdala

Answer 8

Lima bean sized neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion.

Question 9

Hypothalamus

Answer 9

Directs maintenance activities and helps govern the endocrine system with the pituitary gland. It. Is linked to emotion.

Question 10

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 10

The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres. The body’s ultimate control and information processing center.

Question 11

Glial cells

Answer 11

Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons.

Question 12

Frontal lobe

Answer 12

Behind the forehead, involved in speaking, muscle movements, and making plans and judgements.

Question 13

Occipital lobes

Answer 13

Back of the head, includes visual areas which receive visual information from opposite visual fields.

Question 14

Parietal lobe

Answer 14

Top rear of head; receives sensory input for touch and body position.

Question 15

Temporal lobe

Answer 15

Side of head by ears; includes auditory information usually from opposite ear.

Question 16

Motor cortex

Answer 16

An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements.

Question 17

Sensory cortex

Answer 17

An area at the front of the parietal lobe that processes and registers body touch and movement sensation.

Question 18

Association areas

Answer 18

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions. Rather they are involved in higher mental processes such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.

Question 19

Phineas Gage

Answer 19

He survived after a pole was fired through his brain. After the incident, his personality changed.

Question 20

Aphasia

Answer 20

Impairment of language usually caused by left hemisphere damage to either Broca’s or Wernicke’s area.

Question 21

Broca’s area

Answer 21

Language expression; an area of the frontal lobe usually in the left hemisphere that directs muscle movement involved in speech.

Question 22

Wernicke’s area

Answer 22

Language reception; a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression usually in the left temporal lobe.

Question 23

Plasticity

Answer 23

Refers to the brains ability to modify itself after some type of injury or illness.

Question 24

Corpus callosum

Answer 24

A large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them.

Question 25

Split brain

Answer 25

A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the fibers between them. The fibers are usually those of the corpus callosum.