Chapter 16 - Vocabulary

Question 0

Psychological Disorder

Answer 0

Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns.

Question 1

4 D’s

Answer 1

Deviant, distressful, dysfunctional, and Dangerous.

Question 2

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 2

A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Question 3

Medical Model

Answer 3

The concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured. When applied to psychological disorders, the medical model assumes that mental illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital.

Question 4

DSM-V

Answer 4

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition), a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

Question 5

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 5

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety, or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

Question 6

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Answer 6

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of Autonomic Nervous System arousal.

Question 7

Panic Disorder

Answer 7

Accompanied by panic attacks. Marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain and a few other symptoms.

Question 8

Phobias

Answer 8

A persistent, irrational fear, and avoidance of a specific object or situation.

Question 9

Agoraphobia

Answer 9

A fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable when panic strikes.

Question 10

Specific Phobia

Answer 10

Fear of a specific object.

Question 11

Social Phobia

Answer 11

An intense fear of being scrutinized by others. They may avoid speaking up, eating out, or going to parties - or will sweat, tremble, or diarrhea when doing so.

Question 12

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Answer 12

An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

Question 13

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer 13

An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

Question 14

Dissociative Disorders

Answer 14

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Question 15

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Answer 15

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.

Question 16

Mood Disorders

Answer 16

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Mania.

Question 17

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 17

A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.

Question 18

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 18

A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

Question 19

Mania

Answer 19

A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

Question 20

Schizophrenia

Answer 20

A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions or actions.

Question 21

Delusions

Answer 21

False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders. Also includes fragmented, bizarre, and distorted beliefs.

Question 22

Personality Disorders

Answer 22

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Question 23

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 23

A personality disorder in which the person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

Question 24

Hallucinations

Answer 24

Sensory experiences without sensory stimulation. Usually auditory and often takes the forms of voices making insulting statements or giving orders.

Question 25

Disorganization

Answer 25

Disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion. Word salads.

Question 26

Catatonia

Answer 26

Immobility, extreme negativism, and/or parrotlike repeating of another’s speech or movement.

Question 27

Dysthymia Disorder

Answer 27

A down-in-the-dumps mood over a course of five years.

Question 28

Paranoid

Answer 28

Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, often with themes of persecution or grandiosity.