Prokaryotic/ Eurkaryotic Characteristics (Ch.2) Flashcards

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1
Q

3 Domains of Life

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

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2
Q

The evolutionary relationship between archaea and bacteria?

A

they are not evolutionarily related therefore not accurate to be placed in the prokaryotic domain

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3
Q

Microscopy

A

a technique for producing visible images of objects, biologically otherwise too small to see by the human eye

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4
Q

Light Microscope

A

uses light to illuminate the specimen

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5
Q

Electron microscope

A

uses electrons to illuminate the specimen

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6
Q

Magnification

A

The ratio of the object as viewed to its real size

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7
Q

Resolution

A

minimum distance by which 2 points in the specimen can be separated and still seen in 2 points

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8
Q

Relationship between volume and surface area of a cell

A

Volume: determines the amount of chemical activity that can take place within the cell
Surface Area: the amount of substance that can be exchanged inside the cell and outside environment

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9
Q

What types of substances transported through the cell membranes?

A

Water-soluble substances can be transported through the cell membrane using protein channels

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10
Q

What is stored inside DNA?

A

Hereditary information (ie. Genes - codes for all individual proteins)

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11
Q

what are some functions of the central region?

A
  1. contain proteins that help maintain the DNA structure
  2. enzymes that help duplicate DNA
  3. copy info into RNA
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12
Q

Where do most of the cells vital activities take place?

A

Cytoplasm - synthesis and assembly of most molecules requires for growth and reproduction

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13
Q

True or false: prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. If false what do they have instead?

A

False. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and instead have a NUCLEOID (for both bacteria and archaea)

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14
Q

What is contained within the nucleoid?

A

Genetic material (no boundary membrane separating it from the cytoplasm)

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15
Q

Where do most of the cell functions occur in prokaryotic cells?

A

Cytoplasm or plasma membrane because of the lack of organelles

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16
Q

What are the 3 most common prokaryotic shapes?

A

Spherical, rod-like, and spiral

17
Q

What is the function of the glycocalyx

A
  1. Help protect prokaryotes from being damaged

2. Help them stick to other cells

18
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane in prokaryotes?

A
  1. transport material in/out of cells

2. contains most molecular systems that help metabolize food into ATP

19
Q

Invaginations

A

areas of the plasma membrane where photosynthesis occurs in photosynthetic bacteria

20
Q

What is the function of prokaryotic cytoskeleton?

A
  1. creating/maintaining the proper shape of the cell
  2. cell division
  3. (for certain bacteria: determining the polarity of the cell)
21
Q

Pili (Pilus)

A

attaching cells onto surfaces or onto other cells

22
Q

What are the 4 main groups that Eukarya is divided into?

A
  1. animal
  2. fungi
  3. plants
  4. protist
23
Q

What is the function of membranous Organelles?

A
  1. energy metabolism
  2. molecular synthesis
  3. storage
  4. transport
24
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane in Eukaryotes?

A
  1. transporting things in/out of the cell
  2. receptors in the membrane that recognize and bind to specific molecules in the cellular environment that triggar internal responses
25
Q

What is the function of plasma membrane proteins?

A

they must label the cells as “self” so that the immune system doesn’t attack them

26
Q

What is most of the space inside the nucleus filled with?

A

Chromatin

27
Q

Chromatin

A

any collection of eukaryotic DNA molecules with their associated proteins

28
Q

Chromosomes

A

one complete DNA molecule with its associated proteins