Prokaryotic/ Eurkaryotic Characteristics (Ch.2) Flashcards
3 Domains of Life
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
The evolutionary relationship between archaea and bacteria?
they are not evolutionarily related therefore not accurate to be placed in the prokaryotic domain
Microscopy
a technique for producing visible images of objects, biologically otherwise too small to see by the human eye
Light Microscope
uses light to illuminate the specimen
Electron microscope
uses electrons to illuminate the specimen
Magnification
The ratio of the object as viewed to its real size
Resolution
minimum distance by which 2 points in the specimen can be separated and still seen in 2 points
Relationship between volume and surface area of a cell
Volume: determines the amount of chemical activity that can take place within the cell
Surface Area: the amount of substance that can be exchanged inside the cell and outside environment
What types of substances transported through the cell membranes?
Water-soluble substances can be transported through the cell membrane using protein channels
What is stored inside DNA?
Hereditary information (ie. Genes - codes for all individual proteins)
what are some functions of the central region?
- contain proteins that help maintain the DNA structure
- enzymes that help duplicate DNA
- copy info into RNA
Where do most of the cells vital activities take place?
Cytoplasm - synthesis and assembly of most molecules requires for growth and reproduction
True or false: prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. If false what do they have instead?
False. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and instead have a NUCLEOID (for both bacteria and archaea)
What is contained within the nucleoid?
Genetic material (no boundary membrane separating it from the cytoplasm)
Where do most of the cell functions occur in prokaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm or plasma membrane because of the lack of organelles
What are the 3 most common prokaryotic shapes?
Spherical, rod-like, and spiral
What is the function of the glycocalyx
- Help protect prokaryotes from being damaged
2. Help them stick to other cells
What is the function of the plasma membrane in prokaryotes?
- transport material in/out of cells
2. contains most molecular systems that help metabolize food into ATP
Invaginations
areas of the plasma membrane where photosynthesis occurs in photosynthetic bacteria
What is the function of prokaryotic cytoskeleton?
- creating/maintaining the proper shape of the cell
- cell division
- (for certain bacteria: determining the polarity of the cell)
Pili (Pilus)
attaching cells onto surfaces or onto other cells
What are the 4 main groups that Eukarya is divided into?
- animal
- fungi
- plants
- protist
What is the function of membranous Organelles?
- energy metabolism
- molecular synthesis
- storage
- transport
What is the function of the plasma membrane in Eukaryotes?
- transporting things in/out of the cell
- receptors in the membrane that recognize and bind to specific molecules in the cellular environment that triggar internal responses
