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BIO 1201A > Family Level Inheritance > Flashcards

Family Level Inheritance Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a heterozygote?

A

cell has 2 different alleles

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2
Q

What is a homozygote?

A

cell has 2 of the same alleles

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3
Q

What is the Blending Theory of Inheritance?

A

it suggests that hereditary traits bland evenly in offspring from mixing of the 2 parents

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4
Q

What is a monohybrid?

A

heterozygote for a single trait

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5
Q

What is a dihybrid?

A

zygote produced by a cross with 2 characters

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6
Q

What is independent assortment?

A

alleles that govern 2 characters segregate independently in a 9:3:3:1 ratio of 2 dominant : 1 dominant : other dominant : both recessive

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7
Q

What are autosomes?

A

chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes

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8
Q

What are the 2 main traits of the SRY gene?

A
  • it is on the Y chromosome and becomes active after 6-8 weeks
  • it signals the development of male assets
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9
Q

Why does sex linkage occur?

A

because of the 2 differences between males and females

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10
Q

What are the 2 differences between males and females/

A
  1. Males have 1 copy of the X chromosome and females have 2

2. Males have a Y chromosome and females do not

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11
Q

What is a pedigree?

A

chart showing parents, grandparents and offspring and whether or not they have a certain trait

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12
Q

What is a Barr body?

A

dense mass of chromatin which is created when one of the X chromosomes are inactivated

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13
Q

What is the product rule?

A

independant probabilities multiplied

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14
Q

What is the sum rule?

A

add up all the individual probabilities

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15
Q

What is a Punnett Square?

A

method to determine crosses

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16
Q

What is a test cross?

A

a cross between dominant and recessive phenotypes

17
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

dominant and recessive alleles bland so they both show in heterozygous individuals (Ex. white X red = pink)

18
Q

What is co dominance?

A

alleles have the same dominance so they are equally visible

19
Q

What are multiple alleles?

A

when more than 2 alleles for the same gene, 1 individual can only carry 2 alleles but other alleles can exist outside of the individual (Ex. blood types)

20
Q

What is epistasis?

A

gene with 1 or more allele interact on the locus resulting in genes at different locus being masked or inhibited

21
Q

What is polygenetic inheritance?

A

several genes contribute to the same character

22
Q

What is pleiotropy?

A

single gene affects more than one character

23
Q

What are linked genes?

A

genes on the same chromosome that follow “linkage”

BIO 1201A (22 decks)

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