Cell Division Flashcards
How do prokaryotes replicate?
binary fission
What are the 3 parts of binary fission?
a) DNA replication (B period)
b) replicated chromosomes move to ends of cell (C period)
c) membrane pinches and forms 2 daughter cells (D period)
What are the 7 stages of mitosis?
- Interphase
- Prophase
- Pro metaphase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
What are the 3 parts of interphase?
G1 phase (cell growth and function) S phase (DNA replication) G2 phase (preparation for mitosis)
What is G0 phase?
An additional phase of mitosis that cells may enter to act as an arrest
What happens in prophase?
- chromosomes condense
- nucleolus shrinks
- mitotic spindle begins to form which forms the spindle poles
What happens in pro metaphase?
- spindle microtubules grow from centrosomes
- spindles attach to chromosomes
- kinetochore forms on sister chromatids
What happens in metaphase?
- spindles reach final form
- align chromosomes at midpoint
What happens in anaphase?
- sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles
What happens in telophase?
- spindle disassembles
- chromosomes decondense
- nucleolus reappears
- new nuclear envelope reappears
What are the 2 forms of cytokinesis?
- Furrowing
2. Cell plate formation
What occurs in furrowing?
microtubules lay groundwork for microfilaments that form a plasma membrane deep enough to cleave the cell in two
What occurs in cell plate formation?
same layer of microtubules lay the groundwork for vesicles that form a layer as the vesicles fuse together forming a plate
What are the 2 ways through which chromosomes move?
- motor proteins on kinetochore
2. motor proteins on microtubules
Where are the 3 checkpoints in cell cycle regulation?
G1 phase/beginning of DNA synthesis
G2 phase/mitosis checkpoint
Mitotic spindle checkpoint
