Population Genetics

Question 1

What is a gene pool?

Answer 1

sum of alleles at all gene loci in all individuals in a population

Question 2

What are genotype frequencies?

Answer 2

percentage of individuals possessing each genotype

Question 3

What are allele frequencies?

Answer 3

abundance of one allele relative to the others at the same locus in individuals of a population

Question 4

What are relative abundances?

Answer 4

relative commonness of populations within a community

Question 5

What is quantitative variation?

Answer 5

differences occur in small, incremental ways

Question 6

What is qualitative variation?

Answer 6

exist in 2 or more discrete states, intermediate forms are usually absent

Question 7

What is polymorphism?

Answer 7

existence of many discrete variants of a character

Question 8

What is directional selection?

Answer 8

individuals near one end of the phenotypic spectrum have the highest relative fitness

Question 9

What is disruptive selection?

Answer 9

extreme phenotypes have higher relative fines than intermediate phenotypes

Question 10

What is stabilizing selection?

Answer 10

individuals expressing intermediate phenotypes have the highest relative fitness

Question 11

What are the 2 things that the null model mean?

Answer 11

• populations genotype doesn’t match the null model means that evolution may be occurring
• if allele frequencies change over time than evolution is occurring

Question 12

What are the 5 requirements of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?

Answer 12

1. No mutations are occurring
2. Population is closed to migration
3. Population is infinite in size
4. All genotypes survive and reproduce equally well
5. Individuals in the population mate randomly