Evolutionary Forces Flashcards
What are deleterious mutations?
alter an individuals structure, function or behaviour in harmful ways
What are lethal mutations?
cause great harm to organisms carrying them, especially if the lethal allele is dominant
What are neutral mutations?
neither harmful nor helpful mutations
What are the 4 methods of genetic drift?
- Population bottlenecks
- Founder effect
- Small population implications
- Conservative implications
What is a population bottleneck?
a stressful factor that kills a large amount of the population producing a dramatic reduction in the size of the population and gene pool
What is the founder effect?
when few individuals colonize and start a new population, but they carry only a small sample of the parent population’s genetic variation
What are the small population implications?
states genetic drift is more pronounced in small populations
What are conservative implications?
endangered species experience a severe bottleneck effect which results in a loss of genetic variability and the individuals for captive breeding may not represent the genetic variation of the population
What are the 2 variations of non-random mating?
- Inbreeding
2. Self-fertilization
What is inbreeding?
a special form of non-random mating where genetically related individuals mate with each other
What is self fertilization?
very rare example of inbreeding where offspring are produced from the gametes of a single parent
What are the 5 ingredients to microevolution?
- Mutation
- Selection
- Gene Flow
- Genetic Drift
- Non-Random Mating
What is gene flow?
when organisms or their genetic material move from one population to another
What is genetic drift?
chance events that cause alleles frequencies in a population to change unpredictably
