prokaryotic cells (structural components & their roles) Flashcards
1
Q
what is the foundation of the biosphere?
A
microbes
2
Q
what are some different shapes of bacteria?
A
- cocci
- rods
- spiral
3
Q
what are the contents of prokaryotic cells?
A
- fimbrae/pilli (attachment)
- nucleoid (circular chromosome)
- ribosomes (protein synthesis)
- flagella (cell movement)
- plasma membrane (cell regulation)
- cell wall (cell integrity)
- glycocalyx (extracellular cell protection)
4
Q
what is a nucleoid?
A
- circular chromosome
- No nuclear membrane, however, the a chromosome is restricted to a defined region of the bacterial cell known as the nucleoid
5
Q
what are plasmids?
A
- Other small circular self-replicating DNA molecules can be found in the cytosol (separate from the main chromosome) these are known as ‘Plasmids
6
Q
what is the bacteria cell wall Peptidoglycan’s function?
A
Function:
1. Rigid macromolecular layer that provides strength to cell
2. Protect cells from osmotic lysis and confers cell shape
7
Q
what is peptidoglycan?
A
- Mesh-like structure
8
Q
what is mycoplasma?
A
Prokaryotes that lack Cell Walls = Mycoplasmas: Group of pathogenic bacteria
9
Q
what is the structure of peptidoglycan?
A
