Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CELS191 > cellular respiration > Flashcards

cellular respiration Flashcards

1
Q

what is an energy carrier?

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why does the cell need energy?

A
  • for mechanical work - e.g. motor proteins
  • to make new materials- e.g. for growth & replacement
  • for transport - e.g. transport of molecules across membranes
  • to maintain order
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the site of cellular respiration?

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the cellular respiration equation?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the two important compartments for respiration?

A
  • matrix
  • inner membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the structure of mitochondria?

A

-1-10 μm long
-1-1000’s per cell (depends on energy demand)
- Contains mitochondrial DNA & ribosomes (Produces some but not all mitochondrial proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how many membranes do the mitochondria have?

A

Has two membranes: inner & outer mitochondrial membranes (lipid bilayers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the distinctable functions of the inner membrane of mitochondria?

A
  • Inner membrane highly folded (cristae) functionally important
  • Intermembrane space is functionally important
    -Mitochondrial matrix inside the inner membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

harvesting chemical energy from glucose occurs in how many stages?

A
  • Harvesting chemical energy from glucose occurs in three stages, each in a different location
  • Compartments of the mitochondrion are essential for cellular respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens in cellular respiration during Stage 1 of glycolysis?

A

in the cytosol = sugar (glucose is split and converted into smaller molecules called pyruvate
- glucose is energy-rich molecule = splitting it in two releases energy = form of ATP and NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is generated in cellular respiration during Stage 1 of glycolysis?

A

Generates:
- 2ATP – energy carrier
AND
- electrons are transferred to the high-energy electron carrier = NAD+ making NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the second stage of cellular respiration?

A

Stage 2 – Pyruvate Oxidation & Citric Acid Cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens and generates in cellular respiration during Stage 1 of the Pyruvate Oxidation & Citric Acid Cycle?

A
  • the pyruvate in the Mitochondrial Matrix
  • 3C Pyruvate MOLECULE is converted into 2C Acetyl CoA molecule splitting which means there are more high energy electrons
  • Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle and gets broken down completely.
  • output is an energy carrier ATP and high energy electron carriers NADH & FADH2 (FADH Is only 2 because the high energy is not as high as NADH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is cellular respiration: stages 1 & 2 - summary?

A

Started with glucose –> Output is ATP and some NADH & FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the third stage of cellular respiration?

A

oxidative phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens in cellular respiration during the 2 parts in the third stage of cellular respiration?

A

Inner Membrane of the Mitochondrion
Two Parts:
- electron transport (electrons from NADH and FADH2) - proton gradient
- Chemiosmosis (ATP production)

17
Q

what can’t get electrons out of the electron transport chain if it’s not present?

A

oxygen - necessary to accept electrons from the electron transport chain

18
Q

what happens in cellular respiration during oxidative phosphorylation’s chemiosmosis?

A
  • The inner mitochondrial membrane contains the protein complex: ATP synthase
  • This complex spans the membrane from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix
  • The proton gradient across the inner membrane powers ATP synthesis
19
Q

in part 2 of chemiosmosis, what happens to the ATP synthase?

A

ATP Synthase converts:
ADP + Pi —> ATP

20
Q

what is the summary of cellular respiration?

A
  • Chemical energy is converted from one form to another
  • From glucose to ATP – an energy carrier used by the cell
  • The structure of the mitochondrion enables the proton gradient to be established across the inner membrane and this drives the production of ATP
21
Q

what does ATP enable?

A

ATP enables the controlled release of energy

22
Q

what powers cellular activity?

A

ATP

23
Q

what happens when there is uncontrolled ATP release?

A

explosive release of light and heat energy - can cause damage to cells

24
Q

whats regeneration is essential?

A

ATP
- The cell continuously uses and regenerates ATP

CELS191 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions