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CELS191 > diversity of life > Flashcards

diversity of life Flashcards

1
Q

what are the characteristics of life?

A

Cellular organization
Reproduction
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Heredity
Response to stimuli
Growth and development
Adaption through evolution

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2
Q

what is the three origins of life on earth?

A
  • Generation of complex biomolecules due to complex early atmosphere deep-sea hydrothermal vents
  • Generation of replicating organisms via An RNA world? Chelation by mineral clays
  • Panspermia
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3
Q

what is used to measure most cells and organelles?

A

Most cells and organelles is measured in micrometers (microns)

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4
Q

one thousandth of a milli meter (10-3 mm) = ?

A

1 µm

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5
Q

1 mm?

A

1000 µm

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6
Q

1 µm?

A

1000 nm

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7
Q

Eukaryote cells range from -

A

10-100 µm

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8
Q

Prokaryote cells range from -

A

5 µm

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9
Q

Organelles range from -

A

mitochondria 1-10 µm
chloroplasts 2-5µm

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10
Q

what are nano meters used for?

A

Nano meters are used to measure internal structures of cells & organelles

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11
Q

one thousandth of a micro meter (10-3 µm)

A

1 nm

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12
Q

1000 nm =

A

1 µm

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13
Q

what is the nanometer the main unit to measure sub-cellular components?

A

it is the main unit

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14
Q

what is membranes nanometer measurement?

A

7-8 nm

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15
Q

what is ribosome nanometer measurement?

A

25 nm

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16
Q

one thousandth of a millimeter (10-3 mm) = ?

A

1 µm

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17
Q

one thousandth of a millimeter (10-3 mm) = ?

A

1 µm

18
Q

How did we get from tiny fossils cells to today’s biosphere?

A

evolution

19
Q

how do you get evolution?

A

When you have organisms that vary, pass on their characteristics and survive differentially

20
Q

how is there change in population overtime (evolution)?

A

particular variance in populations of organisms have different survival/reproduction then there will change in population over time (evolution)

21
Q

what is natural selection?

A

Natural selection is a testable hypothesis that provides a mechanism to explain evolution.

22
Q

what are the different ways we can determine natural selection?

A
  • variation
  • inheritance
  • selection
  • time
23
Q

what is the variation?

A

Individuals in a population vary from one another.

24
Q

what is inheritance?

A

Parents pass on their traits to their offspring genetically.

25
Q

what is selection?

A

Some variants reproduce more than others. (attraction matters)

26
Q

what is time in terms of natural selection?

A

Successful variations accumulate over many generations.

27
Q

what does evolution act on?

A

Evolution doesn’t just act on shape or color, it also acts on biological molecules (which is also product of evolution)

28
Q

what should show the store of information in an organism, some evidence for evolution and natural selection?

A

DNA

29
Q

what can we use to draw relationships between different organisms?

A

DNA

30
Q

what do family/phylogenetic trees tell us?

A

By doing this with a wide range of organisms we can put all known life on Earth into three lumps (domains).

31
Q

If we take all the information stored in DNA sequencing and how they are related we would get:-

A

Bacteria
Eukarya
Archaea

32
Q

what is mitochondria bacterium?

A

we have the mitochondria which is a captured bacterium

33
Q

what would happen if there are no mitochondria?

A

there would be no eukarya so we wouldn’t be multicellular

34
Q

what is the endosymbiosis theory?

A

The Endosymbiosis theory states that two key organelles in eukaryotes are derived from bacteria

35
Q

what is mitochondria derived from?

A

Mitochondria are derived from proteobacteria, and chloroplasts from cyanobacteria.

36
Q

what are proteobacteria and cyanobacteria engulfed from?

A

These bacteria were engulfed by the ancestors of eukaryotes and tamed. This happened twice, first for mitochondria, and then for chloroplasts

37
Q

what is prokaryotic?

A

bacteria and archaea (smaller no nucleus)

38
Q

what is eukaryotic?

A

membrane brand organelles mitochondria and chloroplast

39
Q

what is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic?

A
  • The difference between them comes from the capturing process
  • The key difference is that membrane-enclosed organelles are present in eukaryotes
40
Q

what is archaea?

A

single cell organisms living in extreme organism

41
Q

what is bacteria?

A

single cell organism that live everywhere

42
Q

what is eukarya?

A

most important organisms because includes fungi and animals

CELS191 (19 decks)

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