Prokaryotic cell structure and function

Question 1

Percentage of peptidoglycan in gram positive bacteria

Answer 1

90%

Question 2

Percentage of peptidoglycan in gram negative bacteria

Answer 2

10%

Question 3

In peptidoglycan, what bond links the NAM and NAG?

Answer 3

beta 1-4 glycosidic bond

Question 4

NAM

Answer 4

amino sugar N-acetyl-muramic acid

Question 5

NAG

Answer 5

amino sugar N-acetyl-glucosamine

Question 6

Pentapeptide order in bacterial peptidoglycan

Answer 6

L-ala
D-glu
L-lys/DAP
D-ala
(D-ala)

Question 7

Gram positive L-lys/DAP?

Answer 7

L-lys

Question 8

Gram negative L-lys/DAP?

Answer 8

DAP

Question 9

Do gram negative or gram positive peptidoglycan have a pentaglycine bridge?

Answer 9

gram POSITIVE

Question 10

Pentapeptide order in archaeal pseudomurein

Answer 10

L-glu
L-ala
L-lys
L-glu———-L-lys

Question 11

lipolysachharide (3 components)

Answer 11

O-specific polysaccharide
Core polysaccharide
Lipid A

Question 12

In pseudomurein, what bond links the NAT and NAG?

Answer 12

beta 1-3 glycosidic bond

Question 13

NAT

Answer 13

amino sugar N-acetyl-talosaminuronic acid

Question 14

peptidoglycan monomer

Answer 14

two amino sugars (NAM and NAG)

with a pentapeptide extending off of NAM

Question 15

What is slime capsule made of

Answer 15

polysaccharide, peptidoglycan or both

Question 16

Fimbriae

Answer 16

long filamentous protein structures on the surface of bacteria that help them to bind to specific receptors

Question 17

Hami (hamus)

Answer 17

long helical tube on surface of archaea that ahs three hooks at the far end to help adhere to otehr archaea or surfaces

Question 18

Polyhydroxybutarates (PHBs)

Answer 18

macromolecules synthesised by bacteria which act as inclusion bodies and store reserve materials that bacteria can use under stress

Question 19

Polyphosphate

Answer 19

linear polymers of phosphate units that provide energy store

Question 20

Magnetosomes

Answer 20

membranous structures found in magnetotactic bacteria which contain iron rich magnetic particles that allow detection of the earths magnetic pole
(allows marine bacteria to move downwards to lower oxygen concentrations)

Question 21

Gas vacuoles

Answer 21

allow bacteria to adjust density and move up/down water columns

Question 22

4 rings in flagellum

Answer 22

L
P
MS
C

Question 23

Endoflagellum

Answer 23

flagellum specific to most spirochaetes that forms axial filaments which rotate and propel the spirochaete in a twisting motion

Question 24

Archaellum

Answer 24

Archaea version of a flagella which is half the width of a flagellum and uses ATP rather than a proton gradient.

Question 25

Chemotaxis

Answer 25

movement down a chemical gradient

Question 26

How do bacteria move up a gradient towards an attractant?

Answer 26

Biased increase in run length for the direction towards the attractant and decrease in run length in any direction away from it.

Question 27

Three types of bacterial locomotion

Answer 27

gliding
flagellae
spirochaetal