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Building a phenotype - lectures > Control of prokaryotic growth > Flashcards

Control of prokaryotic growth Flashcards

1
Q

What is mean generation time (g)?

A

time taken for a population of bacteria to double in number

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2
Q

How to calculate bacterial generation time (G)?

A

G=t/n

time elapse/number of generation

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3
Q

Generation time for E. coli in the lab

A

15-20 minutes

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4
Q

Whta is exponential growth?

A

As population size increases, growth rate increases ?

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5
Q

intercalatory definition

A

binary cell wall formation is intercalatory (new cell wall froms all the way around the cell as it grows)

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6
Q

Bacterial cell division that produces equal products

A

binary fission

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7
Q

Bacterial cell division that produces unequal products

4

A
  1. simple budding
  2. budding from hyphae
  3. cell division from a stalked organism
  4. polar growth w/o differentiation of cell size (grows at just one end - like hair just grows out ur head)
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8
Q

What are the four bacterial growth stages?

A

Lag, exponential growth, stationary, death

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9
Q

What is a bacterial continuous culture?

A

maintenance of a bacterial population at a constant density via flow of fresh medium in and old medium out.

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10
Q

What can cause a bacterial stationary phase?

A

lack of nutrients

accumulation of toxic by-products

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11
Q

Lag phase

A

initial time during life where cells are adjusting to new environment and are about to start exponential growth phase

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12
Q

Importance of buffers in bacterial growth media?

A

Buffer the pH despite bacteria producing their own acids as they grow

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13
Q

Names of bacteria depending on optimal pH for growth (3)

A

neutrophile
acidophile
alkaliphile

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14
Q

Names of bacteria depending on optimal NaCl (salt) concentration for growth (3)

A

nonhalophile
halotolerant
halophile
extreme halophile

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15
Q

osmophile

A

grow in high sugars

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16
Q

xerophiles

A

grow in dry conditions

17
Q

How does making compatible solutes benefit bacteria?

A

allows them to grow when under osmotic stress

18
Q

osmolytes

A

small organic compounds that influence properties of biological fluids

19
Q

osmoprotectants/compatible solutes

A

small organic molecules (with low toxicity at high concentrations and neutral charge) that help cells survive extreme osmotic stress

20
Q

Why are compatible solutes called ‘compatible’

A

compatible with cellular metabolism and biochemistry

21
Q

obligate aerobe

A

requires oxygen

22
Q

facultative aerobe

A

oxygen not required but grows better with it

23
Q

microaerophilic aerobe

A

oxygen required but at levels lower than atmospheric

24
Q

aerotolerant anaerobe

A

oxygen not required and growth no better when its present

25
Q

obligate anaerobe

A

oxygen is harmful

26
Q

Example of a compatible solute

A

glycine betaine in saltlake cyanobacteria

27
Q

What is the bacterial stringent response?

A

signalling pathway that allows bacteria to effectively respond to nutrient starvation

28
Q

What is the bacterial heat shock response pathway?

A

Increased transcription of heat shock genes to help cope with sudden increased damage to proteins

29
Q

Rel A

A

enzyme that increases ppGpp synthesis

30
Q

ppGpp

A

guanosine pentaphosphate alarmone produced in response to heat shock

31
Q

ppGpp functions (2)

A
  1. reduces tRNA and rRNA synthesis

2. increases expression of amino acid biosynthetic pathways

32
Q

What activates Rel A in the stringent response?

A

uncharged tRNAs entering ribosomal A site

33
Q

Three main heat shock proteins

A

HSP70 (DnaK)
HSP60
HSP10

34
Q

Dnak

A

heat shock chaperone protein that binds and refolds proteins

35
Q

RpoH

A

sigma factor that regulates the heat shock response

36
Q

sigma factor

A

promote RNA polymerases to attach to specific initiation sites

Building a phenotype - lectures (36 decks)

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