Immunology i Flashcards
Adaptive immunity
Acquired immunity composed of specialised cells and processes that eliminate pathogens
Innate immunity
Non specific defence system against pathogens that you are born with
What is innate immunity found in?
All organisms
What did adaptive immunity emerge in?
Vertebrates
What three components make up innate immunity?
- Barrier
- Tissue fluid systems
- Cellular systems
Innate immunity tissue fluid system components (3)
Complement cascade
Coagulation
Iron binding molecules
What three pathways can activate the complement cascade?
Classical pathway (adaptive) Lectin pathway (innate) Alternate pathway (innate)
What does the complement cascade result in?
Enhance phagocytosis stimulation
Permeabilisation (/lysis) of microbial cell wall
What receptors does innate immunity involve
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
What receptors does adaptive immunity involve?
Antibodies
B cell receptor
T cell receptor
What do pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) respond to?
PAMPs
Pathogen associated molecular patterns
Examples of classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
Transmembrane toll like receptors
Cytoplasmic NOD1 and NOD2 receptors (recognise bacterial molecules)
Mannose binding lectin recognises specific carbohydrates such as N-acetylglucosamine on the surface of pathogens
Pattern recognition by vertebrate toll like receptors triggers
A wide range of pro inflammatory effects
Examples of toll like receptors
TLR-4 homodimer = binds to lipopolysaccharide and recognises gram negative bacteria
TLR-9 homodimer = binds to DNA with i methylated CpG motifs and recognises bacteria
TLR-3 homodimer = binds to double stranded RNA and recognises viral RNAs
How to roll like receptors recognise salmonella?
TLR4 recognises lipopolysaccharide
TLR5 recognises flagellum
TLR9 recognises CpG motifs
