Chlorppast And Mitchondria Flashcards
In eukaryotes what percentage of the total protein is in the mitochondrion?
5%
In plants what percentage of total cellular protein is in the chloroplast?
70%
In plants what percentage of total cellular protein is rubisco?
20%
3 main characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts?
- Membrane bound
- Internal membranes which increase SA
- Responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells
Mitochondria produce …
ATP
NADH
Chloroplast produce …
ATP
NADPH
sugars
What three things other than the Krebs cycle occur in mitochondria?
- Ammonia assimilation
- Synthesis of branched chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine and valine)
- Synthesis of some lipids
What three things are made in the chloroplast?
Most lipids
Most amino acids
Most vitamins
What occupies a high percentage of volume in a plant cell?
The chloroplasts
What are chloroplasts the descendants of?
Cyanobacteria
Andreas Schimper
First noticed in 1883 that chloroplasts look like Cyanobacteria
What are mitochondria the descendants of?
Alphaproteobacteria
Ivan Wallin
First proposed in 1922 that mitochondria were descendants of bacteria
Why do mitochondria not look like alphaproteobacterium? What do they look like instead?
Lots of internal membrane than alphaproetobacterium
Mitochondria form a reticulate network spread out through the cell. It’s a dynamic structure which moves, branches and fuses - it is nothing like static bacteria
4 most common examples of convergent evolution
- Antibiotic resistance (different bacteria can evolve resistance independently)
- Lactose tolerance (has evolved 6/7 times in humans independently)
- Human and cephalopod camera eyes
- Wings (bat and bird wings)
