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AS Biology > Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Flashcards

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1
Q

What organelles are only present in a plant cell?

A
  1. Cellulose
  2. Cell Wall
  3. Vacuole
  4. Chloroplasts
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2
Q

What other organelles are present in all eukaryotic cells?

A
  1. Cell membranes
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Golgi Apparatus
  4. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
  5. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  6. Nucleus
  7. Mitochondria
  8. Cytoplasm
  9. Lysosomes
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3
Q

What is the purpose of the nucleus?

A
  1. Where the chromosomes are
  2. Controls the activities of the cell
  3. Nucleus makes ribosomes
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4
Q

What is the purpose of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A
  1. Network of fluid filled membranes
  2. Usually attached to the nucleus
  3. Covered in ribosomes
  4. Modifies and Folds Proteins
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5
Q

What is the purpose of the Small Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A
  1. Same as R.E.R but no ribosomes
  2. Not attached to the nucleus
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6
Q

What is the purpose of the Golgi Apparatus?

A
  1. A group of fluid filled sacs
  2. Modify and Package proteins and lipids
  3. Puts them into vesicles for transport
  4. Makes Lysosomes
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7
Q

What is the purpose of the Golgi Vesicles?

A
  1. Made by the Golgi Apparatus
  2. Store and transport proteins and lipids
  3. Can transport proteins and lipids out of the cell
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8
Q

What is the purpose of the lysosomes?

A
  1. Special type of Golgi vesicle
  2. Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes
  3. Used to hydrolyse pathogens and old cell organelles
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9
Q

What is the purpose of the mitochondria?

A
  1. Site of Aerobic Respiration
  2. Make ATP
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10
Q

What is the purpose of the cell wall?

A
  1. Strong, structured wall that protects the cell from changing shape
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11
Q

What is the purpose of the vacuole?

A
  1. Contains sugars and salts - cell sap
  2. Keeps cell turgid
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12
Q

What is the purpose of the chloroplasts?

A
  1. Site of photosynthesis
  2. Contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy
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13
Q

What is the purpose of ribosomes?

A
  1. Make proteins
  2. Very small organelles
  3. Attached to R.E.R
  4. Made of proteins/RNA
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14
Q

What is a specialised cell?

A
  1. Cells that have evolved to carry out specifc functions
  2. They need different adaptations to do this efficiently
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15
Q

How are proteins produced?

A
  1. nucleus contains the gene for the protein
    — site of transcription (DNA –> mRNA)
  2. Protein synthesis translation (mRNA –> alpha alpha chain) takes place on the ribosomes often on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
  3. Protein is transported to the golgi apparatus/body in a vesicle
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16
Q

How are proteins secreted?

A
  1. Golgi body modifies the protein
  2. Protein is packaged with a golgi vesicle
  3. Vesicle is transported to the cell surface membrane
  4. Exocytosis - vesicle fuses with he membrane
17
Q

What is the structure of a prokaryotic cell?

A
  1. Loop of DNA
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Small ribosomes
  4. Cell Membrane
  5. Cell Wall
  6. Capsule
  7. Flagella
  8. Plasmids
18
Q

What is the purpose of the flagella?

A
  1. Rotates to move cell
19
Q

What is the purpose of the capsule?

A
  1. Slime layer
  2. Adds extra protection
20
Q

What is A-Cellular?

A
  1. They don’t have their own cells
  2. Not living > Can’t reproduce without another living cell
21
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A
  1. Attachment proteins bind to complementary receptor proteins on host
  2. Attachment proteins specific to receptor proteins > host
  3. Viruses inject their genetic material
    —-> Hijacks the host cell > uses hosts organelles (machinery) to reproduce more viruses

AS Biology (16 decks)

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