Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AS Biology > Genetic Diversity, Mutations and Meiosis > Flashcards

Genetic Diversity, Mutations and Meiosis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a gamete?

A

Haploid sex cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a haploid cell?

A

A cell with a single set of unpaired chromosomes (one of each homologous pair)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a diploid cell?

A

A cell with two complete sets of chromosomes (both homologous pairs - are from each parent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a homologous pair?

A
  1. One chromosome form each parent
  2. Same gene but different alleles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens during Prophase 1 ?

A
  1. Chromosomes condense
  2. Nuclear membrane breaks down
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens during Metaphase 1?

A
  1. Homologous pairs line up to the ends of each other
  2. Spindle forms
  3. Attaches to centromeres
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens during Anaphase 1 ?

A
  1. Homologous pairs are separated
  2. Pulled apart to opposite poles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens during Telophase 1?

A
  1. Nuclei reform over chromosomes
  2. Cell divides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens during Prophase 2?

A
  1. Nuclei break down
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens during metaphase 2?

A
  1. Chromosomes line up on the equator
  2. Spindle forms
  3. Attaches to centromeres
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens during Anaphase 2?

A
  1. Chromatids are separated
  2. Chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens during Telophase 2?

A
  1. Nuclei reform around chromatids
  2. Cells divide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is ‘crossing over’ ?

A

Different combinations of alleles
- Chromatids of homologous pairs cross over and swap alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is independent segregation?

A

Different combination of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a gene mutation?

A

Change to the base sequence of DNA during DNA replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is gene substitution?

A

Swapping one base for a different base e.g G-T

17
Q

How can mutations cause a non - functional protein?

A
  1. Change to DNA triplet during replication
    GGT -> GTT
  2. Change to mRNA codon
  3. Different anticodon ∴ different amino acid
  4. Change to primary structure of protein
  5. Different bonding e.g. Hydrogen / Ionic / Disulphide Bonds
  6. ∴ Tertiary structure change
18
Q

How can DNA mutate and there be no change to the primary structure?

A
  1. DNA is degenerate
  2. Each amino acid is coded for by more than one triplet codon
  3. Change to DNA base (substitution) might not cause a change to amino acid in primary structure GGT -> GGC
  4. No change to bonding or tertiary structure
19
Q
A

AS Biology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions