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AS Biology > DNA and Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

DNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

How is DNA universal?

A

The genetic code in all living organisms - e.g. GGT codes for glycine in all living organisms

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2
Q

How is DNA non-overlapping?

A

Each DNA triplet and gene is separated from each other

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3
Q

How is DNA degenerate?

A

The same amino acid can be coded for by more than one triplet

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4
Q

What is the genome?

A

The complete set of genes (all) in a cell / organism

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5
Q

What is the proteome?

A

The full range of proteins that a cell can make

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6
Q

What is transcription?

A

DNA becoming mRNA

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7
Q

What is translation?

A

mRNA becoming amino acids / proteins

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8
Q

Describe the structure of DNA in a eukaryote.

A
  1. Long, linear double helix
  2. Found within a nucleus
  3. Folded around proteins called histones
  4. Folded into chromosomes
  5. Have introns
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9
Q

Describe the structure of Prokaryotes.

A
  1. DNA is shorter + circular
  2. No proteins / histones
  3. No nucleus
  4. Three plasmids
  5. No introns
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10
Q

What is a gene?

A

A sequence of DNA that codes for :
1. A polypeptide
2. Functional RNA (tRNA)

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11
Q

What is a locus?

A
  1. The location of a gene on a chromosome
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12
Q

What is a DNA triplet?

A

A sequence of 3 DNA bases that code for a specific amino acid

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13
Q

What is an intron?

A

Regions within a gene that don’t code for polypeptides

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14
Q

Describe the process of transcription.

A
  1. DNA Helicase separates DNA strands
  2. Breaking the H-Bonds
  3. Free RNA nucleotides attach to the template strand
  4. Complementary base pairing
  5. RNA polymerase joins the nucleotides together
  6. H-Bonds reform
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15
Q

What is a codon?

A

Triplet of bases on mRNA that code for a specific amino acid

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16
Q

What is an anticodon?

A

Triplet of bases on tRNA that is complementary to the codon on mRNA

17
Q

Describe the process of translation.

A
  1. Ribosomes binds on to the mRNA at a start codon
  2. Codon is matched to an anticodon by complementary base pairing
  3. Ribosome holds tRNA in place
  4. Amino Acids are joined together with a peptide bond

AS Biology (16 decks)

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