Prokaryotes Flashcards
Prokaryote cells are found in the domains __________ & ___________.
Bacteria
Archae
Cell structure: The inside fluid matrix of the cell is called the _________.
Cytosol
Cell structure: The ribosome makes ___________.
Protein
Cell structure: Prokaryote ribosomes can work with Eukaryote DNA because they both use the same __________ code.
Genetic
Cell structure: Bacterial and Archaea ribosomes are _________ (larger/smaller) than Eukaryote ribosomes.
Smaller
Cell wall: Bacterial cell walls use _________ as the primary structural component.
Peptidoglycan
Cell wall: Archaea cell walls lack ________.
Peptidoglycan
Cell wall: Gram __________ (positive/negative) bacteria have a second exterior cell membrane.
Negative
Cell wall: Gram __________ (positive/negative) bacteria have thicker cell walls.
Positive
Flagella: Prokaryotes move using a _________ shaped flagellum.
Corkscrew
Flagella: The structure of a prokaryote flagellum is _________ (rigid/flexible)
Rigid
Flagella: The flagella movement is powered by a rotating motor located ___________.
At the base
Flagella: Bacteria swimming away from light would be described as _______ taxis.
Negative phototaxis
Genes: How many chromosomes are in a prokaryote cell?
One chromosome, haploid
Genes: Their chromosome is located in the ___________ region of the cell.
Nucleoid
Genes: Their DNA is __________ (in contact/sequestered away from) the cytoplasm.
In contact
Genes: They contain “extra genes” in small independent loops called ________.
Plasmids
Genes: Their essential genes are located in the ___________.
Nucleoid
Genes: Prokaryotes are ________ (haploid/diploid).
Haploid
Genes: Antibiotic resistance genes would most likely be found in the _________.
Plasmid
Genetic Change: Prokaryotes can take up “free” DNA from their environment via pili by _________.
Transformation
Genetic Change: In Transduction, DNA moves from one prokaryote to another via _________.
Viruses (bacteriophages)
Genetic Change: Prokaryotes can directly exchange plasmids or parts of their chromosomes from cell to cell via a _________ (name of tube) in the process ____________.
Pilus
Conjugation
Genetic Change: New genes come about within a cell by __________.
Genetic recombination
Cell Division: Prokaryote cells divide by ________.
Binary fission
Cell Division: When they divide the ploidy level ______ (changes/stays the same).
Stays the same
Cell Division: When they divide, one cell goes to _______ (#) cells.
2
Cell Division: Genetically the daughter cells are ______(identical/different) to the mother cell.
Identical
Cell Division: Time wise, generally prokaryotes can divide _______ (faster/slower) than eukaryote cells.
Faster
Metabolism: A community of different organisms interdependent on each other’s metabolic products is called a _________.
Ecosystem
Metabolism: Organisms that require oxygen are termed _________ _________
Obligate aerobes
Metabolism: In the water treatment plant they measure __ __ __ which quantifies how fast these organisms could grow and use up the water’s oxygen.
B.O.D.
Metabolism: Organisms that can tolerate growing without oxygen are ______ ______.
Facultative Anaerobes
Metabolism: Deep sea vent bacteria that use chemical reactions to generate ATP and synthesize their own carbon compounds form CO2 dissolved on the water are termed ________.
Chemoautotrophs
Metabolism: Cyanobacteria (grow using sunlight and take in CO2) are termed ________.
Photoautotrophs
Metabolism: E. Coli are an example of a _______ bacterial metabolism (they breakdown other substances for energy and carbon skeletons)
Heterotroph
In the Nitrogen Cycle: Nitrogen is needed by producers to make ________
amino groups
Ammonia/ammonium
In the Nitrogen Cycle: ________ is the microbial process that uses atmospheric nitrogen to make ammonia.
Nitrogen fixation
In the Nitrogen Cycle: Anabaena sp. we saw in lab has ________ (cell type) that can do this process.
Heterocysts
In the Nitrogen Cycle: In _______ Nitrate is turned into atmospheric nitrogen.
Denitrification
Prokaryote cells lack internal _________ organelles.
Membrane bound organelles
IN the Nitrogen Cycle: Proteins and other biomolecules are broken-down releasing ammonia in the process ____________.
Ammonification
