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Bio 131 > Prokaryotes > Flashcards

Prokaryotes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Prokaryote cells are found in the domains __________ & ___________.

A

Bacteria

Archae

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2
Q

Cell structure: The inside fluid matrix of the cell is called the _________.

A

Cytosol

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3
Q

Cell structure: The ribosome makes ___________.

A

Protein

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4
Q

Cell structure: Prokaryote ribosomes can work with Eukaryote DNA because they both use the same __________ code.

A

Genetic

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5
Q

Cell structure: Bacterial and Archaea ribosomes are _________ (larger/smaller) than Eukaryote ribosomes.

A

Smaller

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6
Q

Cell wall: Bacterial cell walls use _________ as the primary structural component.

A

Peptidoglycan

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7
Q

Cell wall: Archaea cell walls lack ________.

A

Peptidoglycan

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8
Q

Cell wall: Gram __________ (positive/negative) bacteria have a second exterior cell membrane.

A

Negative

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9
Q

Cell wall: Gram __________ (positive/negative) bacteria have thicker cell walls.

A

Positive

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10
Q

Flagella: Prokaryotes move using a _________ shaped flagellum.

A

Corkscrew

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11
Q

Flagella: The structure of a prokaryote flagellum is _________ (rigid/flexible)

A

Rigid

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12
Q

Flagella: The flagella movement is powered by a rotating motor located ___________.

A

At the base

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13
Q

Flagella: Bacteria swimming away from light would be described as _______ taxis.

A

Negative phototaxis

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14
Q

Genes: How many chromosomes are in a prokaryote cell?

A

One chromosome, haploid

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15
Q

Genes: Their chromosome is located in the ___________ region of the cell.

A

Nucleoid

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16
Q

Genes: Their DNA is __________ (in contact/sequestered away from) the cytoplasm.

A

In contact

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17
Q

Genes: They contain “extra genes” in small independent loops called ________.

A

Plasmids

18
Q

Genes: Their essential genes are located in the ___________.

A

Nucleoid

19
Q

Genes: Prokaryotes are ________ (haploid/diploid).

A

Haploid

20
Q

Genes: Antibiotic resistance genes would most likely be found in the _________.

A

Plasmid

21
Q

Genetic Change: Prokaryotes can take up “free” DNA from their environment via pili by _________.

A

Transformation

22
Q

Genetic Change: In Transduction, DNA moves from one prokaryote to another via _________.

A

Viruses (bacteriophages)

23
Q

Genetic Change: Prokaryotes can directly exchange plasmids or parts of their chromosomes from cell to cell via a _________ (name of tube) in the process ____________.

A

Pilus

Conjugation

24
Q

Genetic Change: New genes come about within a cell by __________.

A

Genetic recombination

25
Q

Cell Division: Prokaryote cells divide by ________.

A

Binary fission

26
Q

Cell Division: When they divide the ploidy level ______ (changes/stays the same).

A

Stays the same

27
Q

Cell Division: When they divide, one cell goes to _______ (#) cells.

A

2

28
Q

Cell Division: Genetically the daughter cells are ______(identical/different) to the mother cell.

A

Identical

29
Q

Cell Division: Time wise, generally prokaryotes can divide _______ (faster/slower) than eukaryote cells.

A

Faster

30
Q

Metabolism: A community of different organisms interdependent on each other’s metabolic products is called a _________.

A

Ecosystem

31
Q

Metabolism: Organisms that require oxygen are termed _________ _________

A

Obligate aerobes

32
Q

Metabolism: In the water treatment plant they measure __ __ __ which quantifies how fast these organisms could grow and use up the water’s oxygen.

A

B.O.D.

33
Q

Metabolism: Organisms that can tolerate growing without oxygen are ______ ______.

A

Facultative Anaerobes

34
Q

Metabolism: Deep sea vent bacteria that use chemical reactions to generate ATP and synthesize their own carbon compounds form CO2 dissolved on the water are termed ________.

A

Chemoautotrophs

35
Q

Metabolism: Cyanobacteria (grow using sunlight and take in CO2) are termed ________.

A

Photoautotrophs

36
Q

Metabolism: E. Coli are an example of a _______ bacterial metabolism (they breakdown other substances for energy and carbon skeletons)

A

Heterotroph

37
Q

In the Nitrogen Cycle: Nitrogen is needed by producers to make ________
amino groups

A

Ammonia/ammonium

38
Q

In the Nitrogen Cycle: ________ is the microbial process that uses atmospheric nitrogen to make ammonia.

A

Nitrogen fixation

39
Q

In the Nitrogen Cycle: Anabaena sp. we saw in lab has ________ (cell type) that can do this process.

A

Heterocysts

40
Q

In the Nitrogen Cycle: In _______ Nitrate is turned into atmospheric nitrogen.

A

Denitrification

41
Q

Prokaryote cells lack internal _________ organelles.

A

Membrane bound organelles

42
Q

IN the Nitrogen Cycle: Proteins and other biomolecules are broken-down releasing ammonia in the process ____________.

A

Ammonification

Bio 131 (15 decks)

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