Plant Structure and Growth Flashcards
Plants have two basic systems:
The root system functions mainly for __________ and __________.
anchorage
storage/absorption
Plants have two basic systems:
The shoot system functions for __________ and ___________.
photosynthesis
reproduction
Shoot parts:
The new growth in the top of the shoot is by the __________.
apical meristem
Shoot parts:
A node is where a __________ joins the stem.
shoot
Shoot parts:
At every node, there is a _________ bud and a leaf ________.
axillary
blade/petiole
Shoot parts:
A new branch grows out of a __________ bud.
apical
Shoot parts:
A leaf is made up of a ___________ connecting it to the stem, and the __________ doing photosynthesis.
petiole
blade
Shoot parts:
A simple leaf has only one leaf __________.
blade
Shoot parts:
A compound leaf is divided up into several smaller __________.
leaflets
Plant Cell types:
Plant cells could have both a __________ cell wall (soft/flexible) layer and up to 3 _________ cell wall (rigid) layers.
primary
secondary
Plant Cell types:
___________ are small tubular connections across cells walls between plant cells allowing water and small molecules to flow.
Plasmodesmata
Plant Cell types:
The ____________ between plants cells holds them together and has a high amount of pectin.
middle lamellin
Plant Cell types:
All plant tissues start out as parenchyma, with thin _________ cell walls.
primary
Plant Cell types:
The plant parts we typically eat are made up of ___________.
collenchyma
Plant Cell types:
Growing, dividing plant cells are ___________-enchyma, while ______-enchyma cannot divide at all.
paren-
scler-
Plant Cell types:
Collenchyma gives plants _________ support, and is often found in petioles and young stems.
elastic
Plant Cell types:
Wood and other hard plant parts are made of __________, which has thick ___________ cell wall layers.
sclerenchyma
rigid secondary
Transport tissues:
Transport tissue are also known as _________ tissues.
vascular
Transport tissues:
Sugar is carried in __________.
phloem
Transport tissues:
__________ is made up of living parenchyma cells using active transport to make large concentration of sugar.
phloem
Transport tissues:
It is made up of 2 particular cells; the _________ tube members and their __________ cells.
sieve
companion
Transport tissues:
Water and minerals are transported in __________ (tissue). Which are made up of sclerenchyma cells that are _________ and _________ at maturity.
xylem
hollow
dead
Dicots:
Named because they have two ___________ in their seeds.
cotyledons
Dicots:
Their flowers typically have parts in ___(#).
4 or 5
Dicots:
Their leaf venation is __________.
netlike
Dicots:
Examples of dicots include:
malvacea, asteracea, fabiacea
Monocots:
Named because they have one __________ in their seeds.
cotyledon
Monocots:
Their flowers typically have parts in ___(#).
3
Monocots:
Their leaf venation is __________.
linear
Monocots:
Examples of Monocots:
liliaceaea, poaceae
Primary growth:
Growth is formed by localized areas of cell division called __________.
meristems
Primary growth includes cells divided from the _________.
meristems
Primary growth makes plant stems and roots ________ (taller or wider).
taller
Primary growth:
The 3 primary meristematic tissues formed by the apical meristem are:
i. protoderm
ii. procambium
iii. ground meristem
Primary growth:
The procambium will later develop into _________ and _________.
xylem
phloem
Primary growth:
Epidermis develops from the __________.
cortex
Secondary growth:
Secondary growth includes all cells divided from the __________.
vascular cambium
Secondary growth makes plant stems and roots (taller or wider).
wider
In secondary growth, barks form from the _____-cambium.
cork
Secondary growth:
Wood Cross section-
Xylem formed in secondary growth is called __________.
wood
From the outside-in, place these tissues in the order you would find them in a wood cross section:
-oldest (primary) xylem
-youngest (secondary) xylem
-bark
-oldest (primary) phloem
-youngest (secondary) phloem
-vascular cambium
-pith
i. bark
ii. primary phloem
iii. secondary phloem
iv. vascular cambium
v. secondary xylem
vi. primary xylem
vii. pith
