Eukaryotes

Question 1

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List organelles specific to Eukaryotes (other than a nucleus!) (7)

Answer 1

a. Mitochondria
b. Chloroplast
c. Endoplasmic Reticulum
d. Golgi Apparatus
e. Centrosomes
f. Peroxisomes
g. Lysosomes

Question 2

Origins: Eukaryotes formed from a common ancestor with the __________ (other domain) (Step 1)

Answer 2

Archaea

Question 3

Origins: An _________ of the cell membrane around its chromosome(s) gave rise to the _________ and the _________ system.

Answer 3

Invagination

Nucleus

Endomembrane

Question 4

Endosymbiosis: Many Eukaryotes (e.g. Amoeba) without cell walls can take in food by __________.

Answer 4

Phagocytosis

Question 5

Endosymbiosis: Origin of Mitochondria was by engulfing a ________ that survived and over time adapted to life inside the cell. (Step 2)

Answer 5

Alpha Proteobacteria

Question 6

Endosymbiosis: Origin of Chloroplast was by engulfing a ________ that survive and over time adapted to life inside the cell. (Step 3)

Answer 6

Cyanobacteria

Question 7

How do Mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce inside the cell?

Answer 7

Binary fission

Question 8

Origin of the Chloroplast happened in which super group?

Answer 8

Archaeplastida

Question 9

List several pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory.

Answer 9

Have their own circular DNA

Contain their own components for DNA transcription/translation

Have more in common with the ribosomes in prokaryotes

Their rRNA is more similar to bacteria

Question 10

Endosymbiosis: Origin of Secondary Chloroplasts (Step 4) was by engulfing a _________ that survive and over time adapted to life inside the cell.

Answer 10

Algal cell

Question 11

Red algae gave rise to chloroplasts in the __________.

Answer 11

S.A.R. super group

Question 12

Green algae gave rise to chloroplasts in the __________.

Answer 12

Excavata super group

Question 13

What evidence supports the serial origin of the chloroplast in these groups? (Secondary Chloroplasts)

Answer 13

The Red and Green algae were already formed and were engulfed by a different eukaryote, the algae simplified over time into chloroplast but kept the extra membrane layers

Question 14

What are the 4 steps in the origins of the Eukaryote?

Answer 14

1st: Formation of nucleus and endomembrane system
2nd: Formation of mitochondria
3rd: Formation of chloroplast from cyanobacteria
4th: Formation of chloroplast from an algal cell

Question 15

Diversity-Super Groups: Protists are ___________.

Answer 15

All groups except Plants, Animals, and Fungi

Question 16

Diversity-Super Groups: We (animals) belong in the super group __________ along with ________, that we saw in lab.

Answer 16

Unikonta

Fungi

Question 17

Diversity-Super Groups: Plants and red algae form the super group __________.

Answer 17

Archaeplastida

Question 18

Diversity-Super Groups: Trypanosoma and Euglena are in the _________.

Answer 18

Excavata

Question 19

Diversity-Super Groups: List the organisms we saw in lab from the “SAR” super group:

Answer 19

Bacillariophyta (Diatoms)
Foraminifera (Forams)
Radiolarians
Brown Algae
Dinoflagellates
Apicomplexans
Ciliates

Question 20

Ecological terms: Plankton are __________.

Answer 20

small organism that are free floating and can’t move against the current

Question 21

Ecological terms: Phytoplankton can do __________ and form the base of the aquatic __________.

Answer 21

Photosynthesis

Ecosystems

Question 22

Zooplankton eat ___________ and are the next step in the aquatic __________.

Answer 22

Bacteria and Algae

Food chain