Prokaryote Vs Eukaryote Flashcards
eukaryotic ribosomes vs prokaryotic ribosomes
Prokaryote: smaller, 70s. Eukaryote: larger, 80s.
S= Svedberg Unit
Extracellular
Something produced on the outside of the cell membrane
EX: Cell wall, Pili, Capsule, Flagella
Flagella:
Used for motility
Only SOME prokaryotes have it
Capsule:
-A special mucus like protective coating found on some disease-producing bacteria (pathogen)
Only SOME prokaryotes have it
Pili:
- Short fibers projecting from the cell wall found on some bacteria
- They may help the bacteria cling to surfaces
Only SOME prokaryotes have it
Cell Wall:
- Gives shape, support, and protection to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the cell
- Eubacteria wall made of peptidoglycan (protein-sugar molecules)
- Different from plant cell walls which are made of cellulose.
Only SOME prokaryotes have it
Plasmid:
- Small circle of DNA that exists and replicates independently of the main DNA in the nucleoid
- Often contain genetic instructions for resistance to antibiotics. (Antibiotics are chemicals that kill bacteria)
Only SOME prokaryotes have it
Cytoplasm:
- Fluid portion of all cells
- location of cellular metabolism
(ALL prokaryotes have it.)
Nucleoid:
- Glob of DNA
- Still a double helix
- Ends come together to form a circle
- Not wrapped around proteins as in eukaryotic cells (Naked DNA)
(ALL prokaryotes have it.)
Cell membrane:
responsible for regulating what materials move in and out of the cell. (ALL prokaryotes have it.)
Ribosomes
- float freely in the cytoplasm of all cells
- site of protein synthesis
(ALL prokaryotes have it.)
Prokaryotic cells do not have
bound organelles (EX no mitochondria)
DNA/ DNA Location: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?
Prokaryote: Nucleoid and plasmid
Eukaryote: Nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria.
Size: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?
Prokaryote: 1-10 um (kid)
Eukaryote: 10-100 um (football field)
Domains: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?
Prokaryote: Eubacteria archae
Eukaryote: Plant, protist, fungi, animal
Evolve: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?
Prokaryote: 3.5 bya
Eukaryote: 1.5 bya
DNA: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?
Prokaryote: Yes, circular and naked.
Eukaryote: Yes, linear and wrapped around proteins.
Chromosomes: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?
Prokaryote: 1-4 (All identical)
Eukaryote: At least 4, each a different kind.
Cell division: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?
Prokaryote: Binary fission
Eukaryote: mitosis/ meiosis
Cell membrane: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?
Prokaryote: Yes
Eukaryote: Yes
Organelles: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?
Prokaryotes: no
Eukaryotes: yes
Internal membranes: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?
Prokaryotes: Few or none are present (Except in cyanobacteria)
Eukaryote: Many internal membrane that compartmentalize the cytoplasm (ER, GOLGI, LYSOSOME)
Cytoskeleton: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?
Prokaryote: No
Eukaryote: Yes
Transfer of internal materials: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?
Prokaryote: Diffusion only
Eukaryote: Diffusion/ directed movement through internal membranes
Cell wall: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?
Prokaryote: made of peptidoglycan (some eubacteria)
Eukaryote: made of cellulose (in plants) or Chitin (in fungi)
Flagella: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?
Prokaryote: Yes, rotates
Eukaryote: Yes, horizontal
