Prokaryote Vs Eukaryote

Question 1

eukaryotic ribosomes vs prokaryotic ribosomes

Answer 1

Prokaryote: smaller, 70s. Eukaryote: larger, 80s.

S= Svedberg Unit

Question 2

Extracellular

Answer 2

Something produced on the outside of the cell membrane

EX: Cell wall, Pili, Capsule, Flagella

Question 3

Flagella:

Answer 3

Used for motility

Only SOME prokaryotes have it

Question 4

Capsule:

Answer 4

-A special mucus like protective coating found on some disease-producing bacteria (pathogen)

Only SOME prokaryotes have it

Question 5

Pili:

Answer 5

• Short fibers projecting from the cell wall found on some bacteria
• They may help the bacteria cling to surfaces

Only SOME prokaryotes have it

Question 6

Cell Wall:

Answer 6

• Gives shape, support, and protection to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the cell
• Eubacteria wall made of peptidoglycan (protein-sugar molecules)
• Different from plant cell walls which are made of cellulose.

Only SOME prokaryotes have it

Question 7

Plasmid:

Answer 7

• Small circle of DNA that exists and replicates independently of the main DNA in the nucleoid
• Often contain genetic instructions for resistance to antibiotics. (Antibiotics are chemicals that kill bacteria)

Only SOME prokaryotes have it

Question 8

Cytoplasm:

Answer 8

• Fluid portion of all cells
• location of cellular metabolism

(ALL prokaryotes have it.)

Question 9

Nucleoid:

Answer 9

• Glob of DNA
• Still a double helix
• Ends come together to form a circle
• Not wrapped around proteins as in eukaryotic cells (Naked DNA)

(ALL prokaryotes have it.)

Question 10

Cell membrane:

Answer 10

responsible for regulating what materials move in and out of the cell. (ALL prokaryotes have it.)

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

• float freely in the cytoplasm of all cells
• site of protein synthesis

(ALL prokaryotes have it.)

Question 12

Prokaryotic cells do not have

Answer 12

bound organelles (EX no mitochondria)

Question 13

DNA/ DNA Location: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?

Answer 13

Prokaryote: Nucleoid and plasmid

Eukaryote: Nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria.

Question 14

Size: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?

Answer 14

Prokaryote: 1-10 um (kid)
Eukaryote: 10-100 um (football field)

Question 15

Domains: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?

Answer 15

Prokaryote: Eubacteria archae
Eukaryote: Plant, protist, fungi, animal

Question 16

Evolve: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?

Answer 16

Prokaryote: 3.5 bya
Eukaryote: 1.5 bya

Question 17

DNA: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?

Answer 17

Prokaryote: Yes, circular and naked.
Eukaryote: Yes, linear and wrapped around proteins.

Question 18

Chromosomes: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?

Answer 18

Prokaryote: 1-4 (All identical)
Eukaryote: At least 4, each a different kind.

Question 19

Cell division: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?

Answer 19

Prokaryote: Binary fission
Eukaryote: mitosis/ meiosis

Question 20

Cell membrane: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?

Answer 20

Prokaryote: Yes
Eukaryote: Yes

Question 21

Organelles: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?

Answer 21

Prokaryotes: no
Eukaryotes: yes

Question 22

Internal membranes: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?

Answer 22

Prokaryotes: Few or none are present (Except in cyanobacteria)
Eukaryote: Many internal membrane that compartmentalize the cytoplasm (ER, GOLGI, LYSOSOME)

Question 23

Cytoskeleton: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?

Answer 23

Prokaryote: No
Eukaryote: Yes

Question 24

Transfer of internal materials: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?

Answer 24

Prokaryote: Diffusion only

Eukaryote: Diffusion/ directed movement through internal membranes

Question 25

Cell wall: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?

Answer 25

Prokaryote: made of peptidoglycan (some eubacteria)

Eukaryote: made of cellulose (in plants) or Chitin (in fungi)

Question 26

Flagella: Prokaryote vs Eukaryote?

Answer 26

Prokaryote: Yes, rotates

Eukaryote: Yes, horizontal