Eukaryote

Question 1

Define compartmentalization

Answer 1

The presence of membrane bound partitions (AKA organelles) Inside the eukaryotic cell.

Question 2

Advantage of compartmentalization

Answer 2

1) specialization for specific functions without interference from other cell functions.
2) Allows molecules needed for a function (EX Enzymes) to reach a higher concentration than if all the molecules were diluted in the cytoplasm.

Question 3

Why do cells with different functions have different structures?

Answer 3

Cells have different organelles depending on the primary function of the cell type.

This allows cells to specialize for a specific task, which can lead to increased complexity of the entire system.

Question 4

Function of Mitochondria

Answer 4

• Cellular respiration
• Where glucose chemical energy is converted to ATP
• Found in cytoplasm

Question 5

Function of Plasma membrane

Answer 5

-Gives the cell shape and regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 6

Function of Ribosome

Answer 6

• Site of protein synthesis
• Made of protein and RNA
• Are free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to ER

Question 7

Function of Rough ER

Answer 7

• Stacked, flattened sacs with many ribosomes attaches

- forms link between the nuclear envelope and ribosomes

Question 8

Function of Smooth ER

Answer 8

• No ribosomes

- Area from which vesicles carrying proteins and lipids are budded

Question 9

Function of Golgi

Answer 9

• Stores, modifies, and packages proteins. Tags proteins so that they go to their correct destination
• determines if protein stays or leaves the cell
• series of flattened disc shaped sacs, stacked on top of each other
• Located near ER

Question 10

Cells with alot of Golgi

Answer 10

secrete hormones

Question 11

Function of Vesicle

Answer 11

transports materials between organelles and to/from the cell membrane

Question 12

Function of Nucleus

Answer 12

• Holds most of cell’s DNA, the genetic code for making proteins.
• Also has nucleolus and nucleic acid

Question 13

Function of Nucleolus

Answer 13

• where ribosomes are synthesized.

- a demse structure of crystalline protein

Question 14

Endomembrane organelles

Answer 14

Organelles that work together to modify, process, and ship molecules around and out of the cell
(ER-> Golgi ->Vesicles)

Question 15

Vesicles vs lysosomes

Answer 15

Vesicles are lysosomes without enzymes

Question 16

Function of Nucleic acid

Answer 16

involved in ribosome synthesis

Question 17

Function of Chloroplast

Answer 17

location of photosynthesis

Question 18

Function of vacuole

Answer 18

Water filled sac that helps maintain cell turgidity

Question 19

Function of cytoskeleton

Answer 19

Supports and shapes the cell, 
positions, and transports organelles,
provides strength, 
assists in cell division, 
Aids cell movement

Question 20

Function of cilia

Answer 20

cilia moves substances along the cell

Question 21

Function of flagella

Answer 21

Make cell move

Question 22

Function of cell wall

Answer 22

Provides structural rigidity and support

Question 23

Function of Extracellular matrix

Answer 23

reservoir for water, ions, nutrients, hormones, cell signaling molecules

• maintains strength and rigidity of tissue
• Maintain shape of tissue
• Medium through with nutrients/metabolic wastes exchanged

Question 24

Function of Lysosome

Answer 24

break down damaged and worn out cell parts ; defends a cell from invaders

Question 25

2 reasons for vesicle movement

Answer 25

• Transport vesicles can move molecules between locations inside the cell (EX Proteins from the ER to the golgi)
• Secretory vesicles- can move molecules inside the cell to the outside of the cell (EX: to dispose of waste or secrete a protein)

Question 26

How do the organelles of the endomembrane system function together to produce and secrete proteins?

Answer 26

1) DNA is transcribed into mRNA
2) mRNA is translated at a ribosome on the rough ER (Creating a protein)
3) Protein is packaged into a transport vesicle
4) Protein inside the vesicle is transported to the Golgi
5) Protein is modified within the golgi
6) Secrete the protein when the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane during exocytosis.

Question 27

Outline how phospholipids and membrane bound proteins are synthesized and transported into the cell membrane.

Answer 27

1) As the vesicle moves through the cell towards the Golgi, the new phospholipids and embedded protein are also transported.
2) They will fuse with the golgi, become Golgi
3) Bud off as a secretory vesicle
4) move towards the cell membrane.
5) When the secretory vesicle fuses with the cell membrane, the new phospholipids and embedded proteins become part of the cell membrane.

Question 28

State the function of an exocrine gland cell.

Answer 28

Exocrine gland cells synthesize molecules (often protein enzymes) for secretion from the cell into an external space.