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Animal Production 2 > Production Systems > Flashcards

Production Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Continuous Flow (CF)

A

Large airspace (co-mingled ages; dynamic population)
-Multiple weeks of production within one room. Pigs enter and exit airspace on weekly bias

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2
Q

All-in-All-out

A

-Compartmentalized
-Usually 1 room per week of production (static population). Empty and sanitize between batches

**Fundamental principle of health control

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3
Q

AIAO by room, building or site??

A

Can be done by rooms, building, or sites.
-Room is common. Each room done by week
-Building is higher in biosecurity. Airspace is not shared.
-Site- very high biosecurity. Very separated. Expensive

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4
Q

Farrow to Finish Operation

A
  1. Genetics (gilts, boars, semen) used in Breed-Gestation barn
  2. Linked to Farrow barn, and nursery barn
  3. Linked to finisher barn;

**all connected, sharing same airspace, and feed from feed mill

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5
Q

Two site multiple source system

A

All about specialization
1.Someone has Breeding, farrowing and nursery barn
2. Someone has auction mart/assembly yard
-issue because mixes many different pigs into the same place=health risk!! Poor biosecurity
3. Someone has finished

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6
Q

Two-site single source system

A
  1. One site that is breeding-gestation, farrowing, nursery
  2. One site is finisher barn
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7
Q

Three-site single source system

A

**segregated weaning

  1. One site=breeding-gestation, farrowing barn
  2. Nursery- separate young from sows
  3. Finishers
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8
Q

Three-site multi-sourced system (Isowean)

A
  1. Breeding-gestation barn site
  2. Nursery sites (filled in 1 week with mixed preweaning piglets but then no more mixing)
  3. Finisher sites (located in USA; receive one group/nursery of pigs; filled in 1-2 weeks)

**finisher barns not kept in Canada; cheaper to finishing them in USA

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9
Q

Parity segregated system

A

Separation of parity 1 progeny from parity 2+ progeny
-feasible in large systems only
-must maintain separate NGF flows for slaughter progeny

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10
Q

Benefits of parity segregated system

A

Improved the health status and performance of the nursery and finisher pigs
-Young sows shed higher pathogen levels to their progeny
-Older sows produce higher quality colostrum following natural exposure and vaccination

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11
Q

Pig hotels in China

A

-Many outbreaks of African Swine Fever
-Pigs flow from one story to the other. Saves space but interesting to see how air is regulated and manure is controlled

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12
Q

Gestation Stalls

A

-Allowed for 28 days and additional 7 days for group management; try to prevent pregnancy loss from stress (related to interaction with others/hierarchy)

-Then need to move to groups

*Mated gilts and sows must be housed in groups or individual pens

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13
Q

Gestation housing

A

-stalls
-group pens
-free-farrowing

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14
Q

Free-Farrowing

A

-in groups in pens but also have stalls which close gates when inside to allow stress free feeding and nursing of piglets
-piglets roam around after birth, mix with other piglets of similar age

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15
Q

Stalled Housing

A

Stalls-Adopted to reduce aggression and improve feeding consistency compared to group pens

-strongly used in NA industry
-banned in EU after 35days
-banned in Canada after 35days gestation by 2029 unless adequate and regular exercise possible

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16
Q

Group Housing

A

Varying group sizes and feeding methods
-may have access to outside pasture, shed, bedding
-Dynamic vs static groups
-timing of mixing varies

More difficult to assess welfare
-aggression at mixing and feeding
-ad lib feeding (self feeders not possible for gestation sows)

17
Q

Freedom of movement

A

**results in superior performance
-Control to select an appropriate microenvironment
-provides chance to exercise

18
Q

5 welfare requirements

A
  1. Freedom of movement
  2. Freedom from aggression
    3.Control over individual feed intake
  3. Provision of environmental enrichment
  4. Provision and layout of static space
19
Q

Advantages of increased movement

A
  1. increased muscle size and tone in group sows
    2.Shorter farrowing
  2. Lower culling rate
20
Q

Freedom from aggression

A

-Virtually eliminated in stalled housing; major reason leading to the adoption of stall system

21
Q

Aggression in group housed systems

A

Aggression at re-grouping and feeding
-considered a short term stress, similar to when following a regrouping or weaned or grower pigs
-eased by providing sufficient space for escape
-reproductive performance more likely to be adversely affected if mixed during pre-implantation, or if pens are dynamic

22
Q

Control over individual feed intake

A

Pigs can control amount of feed and diet composition
-Feed system or feed line
-Electronic feeding stall

23
Q

What determines nutrient intake?

A

-nutrient intake is based on the individual needs of the sow/gilt dependent on maintenance (metabolic BW), growth of dam (young adults), production (fetal growth, lactation)

24
Q

Stall control over individual feed intake

A

**Provide safe and separated feeding space but systems need oversight
-Able to control volume of feed

25
Q

Oversight of stall feeding control

A

-must calibrate drops
-drops are volumetric
-generally one diet per barn or production stage; feeding more than one diet type not usually feasible
-amount varies depending on density of feed

26
Q

Group housing control over individual feed intake

A

Variation of group feeding systems
1. Floor drops
-group feeding; minimal control
-aggression tends to drop as feeding frequency increases

2.electronic sow feeders
-computer controlled allowing for individual feeding of sows
-aggression focused at start of 24 hr feeding period

  1. Feed stalls in group systems
    -manual control of volume; formulation is same for all
27
Q

Feeding methods in group systems

A
  1. Floor Feeding (drop feeding)
  2. Walk-in feed stalls
  3. Electronic Sow feeders
28
Q

Floor Feeding

A

-Feed usually dropped 1-2 times per day
-increasing frequency per day may decrease aggression
-Fighting level is higher in smaller group sizes
-dominant sows always monopolize feed; submissive sows will wait

29
Q

Walk-in feed stalls

A

Full sized feeding stalls in pens with a large loafing area behind sows. They are allowed to choose where they go

-may have lock in stalls
-sows sorted by week of breeding
-standard volume fed to each sow in group, but additional feed can be given manually

30
Q

Electronic Sow Feeders

A

Greatest control over individual feed intake because computer controls weight of diet fed daily
-Daily allowances can be adjusted based on gestation stage and body condition
-complex; electronic ID ear tags can be lost or eaten

**no reduction in labour to operate system

31
Q

Provision of environmental enrichment

A

-Straw or shavings for bedding

-Novel manipulatable objects

**possible in group systems but not in stalls

32
Q

Benefits of Straw of shavings for bedding

A

-Thermoregulation
-reducing hunger
-protection from floor
-increases activity level- manipulation occupies time

**can add complexity in terms of biosecurity, manure removal, labour

33
Q

Provision of static space in stalls

A

60% of time spent lying laterally during last 2 wks of pregnancy
-min sizes outlines in 2014 code for small, medium and large sows
-most traditional stalls are too small

**always must ask whether exercise is a substitute for group housing

34
Q

Provision of static space in group housed

A

-floor plan and space allowance/sow (sq ft) are both critical to the success of the group housed system

-distinct areas needed for feeding, sleeping, dunging, and exercise

Animal Production 2 (19 decks)

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