Biosecurity in Swine

Question 1

Canadian biosecurity standards

Answer 1

Developed by Canadian Swine Health Board

-National standards- recognizes regional differences
-Awareness and interest at farm level varies (greater at breeding stock herd, lower at commercial herd)

Question 2

External biosecurity

Answer 2

Procedures that are enforced for the purpose of preventing disease introduction into farm

Question 3

Internal Biosecurity

Answer 3

Within rooms/areas/ages within the farm

Question 4

Biocontainment

Answer 4

procedures to limit risk of pathogens leaving farm/site

Question 5

Put the unit in an isolated site

Answer 5

-Western Canada: target 3.2km around site

-Breeding stock farms: Larger, more than 8km

*Air filtration needed in barns that are highly hog dense

Question 6

Respect the protective zones

Answer 6

**Restricted Access Zone (RAZ)-individual barns/production units, Controlled access zone (CAZ)- perimeter zone around entire farm; know who comes in and out of area

Controlled entry, doors locked, deterrent signage
-place gates and fences to restrict access into CAZ
-sign in logs
-GPS tracking
-Purpose built driveways and parking lots

Question 7

Visitation and entry rules

Answer 7

-Individuals should have Pig freedom period (12-96 hrs depending on farm) before coming to barn

-Personnel movement down pyramid from highest to lowest health status within a barn
>move from nursery down to finisher barns

-Restricted visitation

Question 8

Rigid entry procedures

Answer 8

-plastic boot covers
-sign in books
-shower or “Danish” entry (boot drop and bench to clean zone)
-provide in-barn clothing
-disinfect all supplies and tools

Question 9

Isolate or quarantine replacement stock

Answer 9

-Quarantine barns strongly recommended

-safe but practical distance from main unit (more than 100m)

-quarantine period (30-60 days) allows time for development of clinical signs and detectable serologic response

Question 10

Daily management at isolation and quarantine barn pigs

Answer 10

-designated staff
-care at end of day (after most healthy pigs)
-shower in and out
-separate feed and effluent
-monitor clinical signs

Question 11

Slaughter load out procedures

Answer 11

**vehicle inspection by staff or 3rd party
-Truck sanitation: clean and decontaminate after each load
-Drivers: stay outside barn, wear clean boots and coveralls

Rooms designed for one way flow! Pigs once outside cannot turn around and go back inside

Clean and disinfect load out room after each load

Question 12

Feed ingredients and delivery

Answer 12

-Ingredient sourcing- can be contaminated so need to ensure safe

-Feed/ingredient holding times- may need to hold them and ensure pathogens killed before use. Prep how much feed you will need and how long you must hold them for before use.

-cross-contamination

-delivery procedures (trucks going to and from multiple barns)

-Fumigation for bagged product

Question 13

Dead stock removal

Answer 13

1.Rendering

2.Composting

3. Incineration

Question 14

Rendering

Answer 14

• need truck sanitation, safe pick up zone outside CAZ, transport from RAZ

Question 15

Composting

Answer 15

-Note equipment, location, decomposition thoroughness, wildlife access, aeration of compost, organic matter

Question 16

Incineration

Answer 16

operational costs, location, transfer from RAZ

Question 17

Vermin control

Answer 17

-mice, rats, birds, dogs, cats, flies, insects

-Need baiting within RAZ and CAZ

-Avoid/clean spilled feed, cut grass around facility

-Screen inlets to prevent entry of birds

Question 18

Examples of vermin transmitted diseases

Answer 18

-Swine dysentery (mice, rats)
- PRRSV (flies)
-Leptospirosis (raccoons)
-Influenza (humans)

Question 19

Audit internal biosecurity procedures

Answer 19

-timely treatment of sick animals; euthanasia of chronic animals

-boot baths when moving between rooms

-personal hygiene when handling pigs

-adequate room sanitation

-proper pig flow (AIAO, minimize mixing, timely treatment)

Question 20

Develop a Written plan

Answer 20

-comprehensive, accurate, detailed

-Dynamic! Updated as new situations rise
ex. foreign temporary workers,

-contractile agreement between visitor and unit

Question 21

Vets role in swine industry

Answer 21

1. Professional services
   -herd health, biosecurity, consultation for production, nutrition, repro, quality/welfare, regulatory (export and AI certification)
2. Animal health industry
   -technical services, management, sales
3. Regulatory/government
4. Research : industry, academia, farms