Process Addictions Flashcards by Sara Aldrich

The 3 C’s (Common Characteristics of Addiction)

Compulsive use
loss of Control
continued use despite adverse Consequences

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Compulsive Activity (gambling)

-conflict between stated intention & actual behaviour
-overcome by irresistible urges/impulses; strong discomfort if not acted upon
-pathological gamblers may beg, borrow, steal
(once triggered, act as if in trance, broken only when experience ends (relapse indicator)

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loss of Control (gambling)

-the chase (trying to win back money lost)
-double down (double bet to eliminate previous loss)
-end of gambling binge similar to alcoholic blackout
-guilt, remorse, anger, cheated out of $
-loss of predictability ( struggle to maintain limits, unpredictable, intermittent
(other entertainments abandoned to devote more time to gambling)

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continued use despite adverse Consequences (gambling)

-higher risk for self-destruction than any other behaviour
-longer able to hide behaviour=more debilitating they become
-no obvious signs of addictive intoxication
-family members feel abandoned (wives 4x likely to attempt suicide)
-spouse fears an affair
-gambling not linear like S.A.; up & down
(gambling both the problem & the solution)

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Characteristics of Sex Addiction (Level 1/3)

Level 1. Behaviours
-normal, acceptable, tolerable
(masturbation, porn, prostitution, multiple affairs)

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Characteristics of Sex Addiction (Level 2/3)

Level 2. Illegal Behaviours
-victimizing, nuisance crimes
(exhibitionism, voyeurism-sexual stimulation by visual means, obscene phonecalls)

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Characteristics of Sex Addiction (Level 3/3)

Level 3. Illegal Behaviours
-grave consequences for victims, severe legal consequences for offender
(rape, incest, child molestation)

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Progression of the Addiction (Sex) (Phase 1/5)

Initiation Phase
-impact of sexual observations/experiences intense during youth
-sex D.O.C. to cope/escape

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Progression of the Addiction (sex) (Phase 2/5)

Establishment Phase
-repetition of addictive cycle
-preoccupation, ritualization, sexual acting out
-then despair, shame, guilt
-cycle renews

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Progression of the Addiction (Phase 3/5)

Escalation Phase
-more frequent acting out
-more intense, riskier
-occurs w/greater loss of control

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Progression of the Addiction (Phase 4/5)

De-Escalation Phase
-many never experience this phase
-behaviour may intermittently decrease
-substituting drugs/alcohol or be sheer will power

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Progression of the Addiction (gambling) (Phase 5/5)

Acute Phase
-constantly preoccupied w/gambling cycle
-becomes isolated/alienated from family/friends
-only stopped by physical consequence, incarceration or absence of opportunity

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5 Processing Addictions (GSSEW)

Compulsive Gambling
Compulsive Shopping
Sex Addiction
Eating Disorders
Workaholism

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Bulimia Nervosa

-restraining food intake for period of time followed by over-intake (bingeing) period
-result is guilt, low self-esteem

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Anorexia Nervosa

-refusal to maintain healthy body weight thru eating/exercise
-obsessive fear of gaining weight

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Binge-Eating

-compulsive overeating
-consume huge amounts of food
-out of control, powerless to stop

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Qualities of Addiction (4 listed)

chronic & subject to relapse
progressive
denial - incapable of seeing problem
potentially fatal

Cerebral Cortex

-largest site of neural integration of CNS
-key role in attention, perception, awareness, thought, memory, language, consciousness

Midbrain

portion of CNS assoc. w/vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake cycles, arousal, alertness, temp.regulation

Old Brain

-incl. brain stem, medulla, pons, reticular formation, thalamus, cerebellum, amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus
-regulates basic survival functions
-breathing, moving, resting, feeding, emotions, memory

How the Brain gets Addicted

-rewire neural circuits
-repeated behaviours/pursuits rewarding (high) in spite of serious repercussions

Escape Gamblers

-depressant high
-seek emotional numbing, trance-like state, anonymity
-slots are best, solely chance, little skill
-progression from recreational to compulsive in as little as weeks to months

Compulsive Overeating (Food Addiction)

-need to eat high-fat, high-sugar, high-salt foods in large amounts when not hungry
-copious health problems (obesity/mental health)

DSM-V 3 Forms of Chemical Abuse (1)

Substance Abuse Disorders
-maladaptive chemical substance use leads to clinically significant outcomes/distress
-recurrent legal problems
-failure to perform @ work, school, home
-physically hazardous behaviours (DWI)

DSM-V 3 Forms of Chemical Abuse (2)

2. Substance Dependency Disorders -loss of control how much substance is used, once begun -manifests in 7 symptoms: 1. tolerance 2. withdrawal 3. using more than intended 4. can't control use 5. great deal time to obtain/use substance 6. life activities given up/reduced 7. continued us despite adverse consequences

DSM-V 3 Forms of Chemical Abuse (3)

3. Substance-Induced Disorders -manifests same symptoms as depression/mental health disorders -direct result of S.U. -symptoms cease shortly after discontinuing S.U.

Common Signs of Compulsive Gambling

-misuse of time -obsession with gambling & fixing debts -embezzlement, employee/familial theft, illegal activity -lying to conceal gambling activity

3 DSM-V Categories Commonly Used to Classify Sex Addiction (1)

1. Paraphilia -recurrent, intense, sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges/behaviours: >non-human objects >suffering/humiliation of self/partner >children/non-consenting persons >occur over @least 6mnths >clinically significant distress in all life areas

3 DSM-V Categories Commonly Used to Classify Sex Addiction (2)

2. NOS Sexual Disorders(not otherwise specified) -sexual disturbances don't meet criteria for specific sexual disorder -neither sexual dysfunction or paraphilia

3 DSM-V Categories Commonly Used to Classify Sex Addiction (3)

3. Impulse Control Disorder -less common

Compulsive Buying - Identity-Related

-high materialistic values -belief material goods central life goals -main route to identity, success, happiness

Compulsive Buying - Emotional-Social

-address “ideal self,” improve social image & express themselves -perceived self-esteem benefits -often impulsive & triggered by both env. cues & beliefs buying can relieve neg. affect/provide self-definition

Compulsive Gambling

-different levels -can destroy financial status, career, family

Compulsive Shopping

-resulting un-opened items long forgotten -need unnecessary -acquiring something fills perceived hole

Sex Addiction

-multiple forms -often risky behaviour connected w/mental health -many don't use protection

Eating Disorders

-most involve focusing too much on weight, body shape & food -leads to dangerous eating behaviours, seriously affect ability to get nutrition body needs

Workaholism

-person who works compulsively -inability to limit amount of time spent on work despite neg. consequences -damage to relationships/health

Characteristics of Sex Addiction (3 levels listed)

Level 1. Behaviours Level 2. Illegal Behaviours Level 3. Illegal Behaviours w/grave consequences to victim, severe legal consequences for offender

Progression of the Addiction (5 Phases listed) (IEEDA)

1. Initiation Phase 2. Establishment Phase 3. Escalation Phase 4. De-escalation Phase 4. Acute Phase

DSM-V 3 Forms of Chemical Abuse (listed)

1. Substance Abuse Disorders 2. Substance Dependency Disorders 3. Substance-Induced Disorders

3 DSM-V Categories Commonly Used to Classify Sex Addiction (listed)

1. Paraphilia 2. NOS Sexual Disorders 3. Impulse Control Disorder