Principles of Addiction: Foundation Flashcards
4 C’s of Addiction
- Craving
- Control (loss of; in amount of frequency of use)
- Compulsion to use
- Consequences (use despite of)
Instrumental Use
motivation of drug user who takes drug for purpose other than getting high.
Licit-prescribed valium to relieve anxiety
Illicit-morphine w/out scrip to relieve pain
Recreational Use
motivation of drug user who takes drugs only to get high.
Licit-glass of wine to relax
Illicit-line of cocaine for euphoric effects
Drug Toxicity
physical or psychological harm that a drug may present the user.
e.g. dangerous, poisonous, interfere w/normal functioning
Acute Toxicity
immediate harm of a drug (soon after ingested)
e.g. accidental OD, dangerous combos of drugs w/alcohol, overmedication of prescription or OTC drugs
Chronic Toxicity
harm a drug might cause over long time period
e.g. liver disease=alcoholic, lung cancer/cardiovascular/pulmonary disease=tobacco,
Dose
quantity of drug taken into body
Dosage
measured in terms of milligrams (mg) or micrograms
Therapeutic Index
-measure of drugs relative safety for use.
-higher the ratio=safer the drug.
Pharmacodynamics
studies effects of a drug on body by measuring drug binding to receptors & dose-response curves.
Pharmacokinetics
branch of pharmacology that studies relationship between time & concentration of a drug @various sites in the body by measuring absorption, distribution, metabolism, & excretion of drug.
Common Harm Reduction Approaches
- O.D. Prevention Sites (supervised injection sites, safe consumption sites)
- Safe Supply Kits (sterile syringes, alcohol swabs, sterile water, tourniquets, spoons, filters, safe inhalation kits, sharps container)
- Free Condom Distribution
- STI Testing & Counselling
- Naloxone Kits & Naloxone Training
- Tobacco Control Policies
- Alcohol (designated driver programs)
- Retention in Treatment (integrate lapses/relapses into treatment as part of recovery process)
- Methadone/Suboxone Maintenance Therapy
Licit Drugs (Legal)
manufacture, sale, possession is legal.
e.g. alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, caffeine.
Illicit Drugs (illegal)
manufacture, sale, possession is illegal.
e.g. heroin, cocaine, club drugs
7 Classes/Classifications of Drugs
- Cannabinoids
- Depressants
3.Stimulants - Inhalants
- Opiates
- Hallucinogens
- Steroids
5 Stages of Change
- Pre-Contemplation Stage (others see-client does not)
- Contemplation Stage (recognizes some consequences, but ambivalent)
- Preparation Stage (aware of consequences, experience tipping of decisional balance of change)
- Action Stage (shortest stage) (clients most enthusiastic & energetic)
- Maintenance Stage (continue gains to prevent relapse, experience life’s joys and challenges while learning to cope)
Huffing
inhaling solvent from handkerchief
Bagging
breathing vapors in from plastic bag
Drug Tolerance
capacity of a drug’s dose to have a gradually diminished effect on user (repeated use over time)
Stimulant
mood elevator, produce euphoria, sense of well-being
e.g. cocaine, nicotine, amphetamines, caffeine
Depressants
depress activity of Central Nervous System
e.g. alcohol, solvents, glue
Post-Acute Withdrawal (PAW)
-bio-psycho-social syndrome
-results from combo of damage to nervous system caused by alcohol/drugs & psychosocial stress of coping w/life w/out SU
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
-the virus that causes AIDS
-cripples immune system allowing opportunistic infections
AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
-not transmitted thru genes, only by infection
-200 CD4 count considered full-blown AIDS
Hepatitis A
-virus causes inflammation of liver
-drinking water/eating food contaminated w/fecal matter containing virus
-there is a vaccine
Hepatitis B
-liver infection caused by HBV
-body fluids of infected person
-there is a vaccine w/3 injections
Hepatitis C
-1st 1989
-HCV infectious virus carried in blood/affects liver
-HVC infects liver causing inflammation, damages liver tissue
-no vaccine
FAS Disorder
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder
-maternal alcohol during pregnancy inhibit production (biosynthesis) of chemicals (gangliosides) w/in developing fetal brain
CNS Depressant
(central nervous system)
Benzodiazepines
-prescribed for short-term anxiety/insomnia, & severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms
ATOD
Alcohol Tobacco & Other Drugs
-term used in prevention of S.U. & neg. consequences overall
Routes of Administration
Injected
- intravenous (into blood/vein)
-intramuscular (into muscle)
Enternal
-oral (mouth)
-sublingual (under tongue)
Other
-inhalation (thru lungs)
-transdermal (patch on skin)
Disease Model of Alcoholism
1956 - AMA (American Medical Association) classified alcoholism as disease
according to Jellinek
-loss of control
-progression of signs/symptoms
-addict responsible for solution
-can be treated
-if left untreated = death
Cocaine
-stimulant derived from coca leaves
coca paste to hydrochloride (powder)
free-base, remove hydrochloride
-enhances dopamine/norepinephrine
Crack
from powder cocaine thru treatment w/baking soda
Cannabis
THC - psychoactive ingredient
-legalized in Canada Oct, 2018
Opiates
opiates–opium–morphine/codeine/thebaine
-heroin, oxycodone, percocet
-extreme pain relievers
MDMA (molly)
related to norepinephrine
-type of hallucinogen club drug
