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Addictions > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

7 Drug Classifications

A
  1. stimulants
  2. depressants
  3. hallucinogens
  4. dissociatives (K, PCP) separates ppl. from sensory experience
  5. opioids
  6. inhalants
  7. cannabis.
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2
Q

7 Neurotransmitters

A
  1. Acetylcholine
  2. Dopamine
  3. Endorphins
  4. Epinephrine
  5. GABA
  6. Norepinephrine
  7. Serotonin
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3
Q

Acetylcholine

A

excites skeletal muscles
affects movement, learning, memory, REM sleep, sensory processing, attention

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4
Q

Dopamine

A

excites/inhibits learning, attention, movement, reinforcement
predominant w/reward

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5
Q

Norepinephrine

A

affects eating habits, female sexual behaviour, alertness, wakefulness
predominant in fear
sympathetic branch of autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

A

causes surges of energy
predominant in anger
metabolism of glucose

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7
Q

Serotonin

A

regulates mood, sleep, impulsivity, aggression, appetite

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8
Q

GABA

A

neural inhibition in CNS
learning, thought, emotions
controls anxiety

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9
Q

Endorphins

A

relief from pain
feelings of pleasure & well-being

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10
Q

Agonism

A

externally administered drugs
mimic neurotransmitters by occupying some/all receptor sites that cause drug effects

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11
Q

Antagonism

A

this action blocks transmitter from having it’s normal effect
drugs sometimes occupy receptor sites w/no effect

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12
Q

Endocrine System (8)

A
  1. adrenal glands
  2. gonads
  3. hypothalamus
  4. parathyroid
  5. pancreas
  6. pineal gland
  7. pituitary gland
  8. thyroid gland
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13
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

influences growth & laction

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14
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

controls metabolism

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15
Q

Pancreas

A

controls blood sugar

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16
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

arouses body; responds to stress

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17
Q

Gonads

A

secretes male (testes) & female (ovaries) hormones

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18
Q

Pineal Gland

A

regulates sleep cycle & body rhythms

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19
Q

Hypothalamus

A

controls the pituitary gland

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20
Q

Parathyroid

A

regulates calcium

21
Q

Pharmacology

A

scientific study of drugs & their interactions w/living systems
how they get into the body
what they do in body
how they do it
how body breaks it down & excretes them

22
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

disciple to systematically study effects of drugs on behaviour, cognitive functioning, & emotions

23
Q

Pharmacy

A

prepares/dispenses drugs
provides info & pharmaceutical care

24
Q

Drug

A

any chemical entity (mixture) not required for maintenance of health
alters biological function when administered

25
Q

Psychoactive Drug

A

affects mood, thinking, behaviour

26
Q

Drug Abuse

A

drug use causes physical, psychological, legal, social harms

27
Q

The Neuron (7 parts) (see photo)

A
  1. dendrites
  2. cell body
  3. nucleus
  4. node of ranvier
  5. axon
  6. axon terminals
  7. myelin sheath / schwann’s cells
28
Q

Dendrites

A

tree-root-shaped part, usually shorter & more numerous than axons
purpose is to receive info from other neurons & transmit electrical signals to cell body

29
Q

Cell Body (Soma)

A

the core of the neuron
maintain the cell & keep the neuron functioning efficiently
produces genetic info & directs the synthesis of proteins

30
Q

Axon (nerve fiber)

A

carry signals away from cell body to terminal buttons in order to transmit electrical signals to other neurons

31
Q

Myelin Sheath (Schwann’s Cells)

A

layer of fatty material, covers the axons of neurons
insulates one nerve cell from another to prevent impulse from one neuron from interfering w/impulse from another
speeds up conduction of nerve impulses along the axon

32
Q

Axon Terminals (terminal buttons)

A

transmit signals to other neurons
reuptake excess neurotransmitters which didn’t get passed onto the next neuron

33
Q

Nucleus

A

protects majority of the DNA w/in each cell
produces necessary precursors for protein synthesis

34
Q

Node of Ranvier (myelin-sheath gaps)

A

facilitate rapid conduction of nerve impulses
expose neuron membrane to external env.
essential in speed/timing of delivery of impulses from one neuron to another

35
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

what the body does to the drug
absorption, distribution, metabolism, drug excretion

36
Q

Major Divisions of the Human Brain

A
  1. Hindbrain
  2. Midbrain
  3. Forebrain
37
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

what the drug does to the body
describes/explains drugs effects
focuses on mechanisms of action

38
Q

Routes of Administration (7) (enternal)

A
  1. Oral - by mouth
  2. Sublingual - under tongue
  3. Suppositories - rectum, bum
  4. Inhalation - thru lungs
  5. Intranasal - thru nose
  6. Insufflation - blowing something (gas, powder, vapour) into body cavity
  7. Transdermal - thru skin
39
Q

Routes of Administration (3) (injected routes, parenteral)

A
  1. IV Intravenous - directly into blood (mainlining)
  2. IM Intramuscular - into muscle
  3. SC Subcutaneous - underneath skin into tissue between skin & muscle (skin popping)
40
Q

Therapeutic Index (TI)

A

drugs relative margin of safety
A.P. Charvel started it
TI determined by dividing LD50 (lethal dose) by ED50 (effective dose)

41
Q

Hallucinogens

A

produce effects by acting on several areas of brain; major mood changes, experiences, thinking

42
Q

Cocaine

A

from coca bush
short half-life
withdrawal-90min.
activates sympathetic nervous system (high HR, BP-amphetamines also)

43
Q

Alcohol BAL

A

Blood Alcohol Level
# milligrams alcohol per litre blood
Ont. BAL .05%

44
Q

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

A

enzyme destroys alcohol in stomach

45
Q

Half-Life

A

time taken for body to eliminate half of given blood level of drug

46
Q

Opiates

A

native to middle-east
opium from sap of poppy plant
medicinal use-pain
Opioid- can be synthetic/semi-synthetic (dilaudid/fentanyl)
opium wars-china/GB
active ingredients-morphine/codeine

47
Q

Heroin

A

1898-HeinrichDreser (Bayer Company, Germany)
withdrawal symptoms can last for years

48
Q

How drugs get into the blood

A

digestive system
lipid solubility (fat)
enternal routes (outside the body)
parenteral routes (inside the body)

Addictions (14 decks)

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