PROBLEMS IN ADOLESCENCE AND EMERGING ADULTHOOD Chapter 13

Question 1

Approach that emphasizes that problems develop through an interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.

Answer 1

biopsychosocial approach

Question 2

Approach that focuses on describing and exploring the developmental pathways of problems.

Answer 2

developmental psychopathology approach

Question 3

A developmental psychopathology approach that emphasizes connections across domains over time to influence developmental pathways and outcomes.

Answer 3

developmental cascades

Question 4

Emotional conditions that develop when individuals turn problems inward. Examples include anxiety and depression.

Answer 4

internalizing problems

Question 5

Behavior that occurs when individuals turn problems outward. An example is juvenile delinquency.

Answer 5

externalizing problems

Question 6

The response of individuals to stressors, which are circumstances and events that threaten and tax their coping abilities.

Answer 6

stress

Question 7

The negative consequences that result from contact between two distinctive cultural groups.

Answer 7

acculturative stress

Question 8

Managing taxing circumstances, expending effort to solve life’s problems, and seeking to master or reduce stress.

Answer 8

coping

Question 9

Lazarus’ term for the strategy of squarely facing one’s troubles and trying to solve them.

Answer 9

problem-focused coping

Question 10

Lazarus’ term for responding to stress in an emotional manner, especially by using defense mechanisms.

Answer 10

emotion-focused coping

Question 11

Drugs that alter an individual’s perceptual experiences and produce hallucinations; also called psychedelic (mind-altering) drugs.

Answer 11

hallucinogens

Question 12

Drugs that increase the activity of the central nervous system.

Answer 12

stimulants

Question 13

Drugs that slow down the central nervous system, bodily functions, and behavior.

Answer 13

depressants

Question 14

Drugs derived from the male sex hormone testosterone. They promote muscle growth and increase lean body mass.

Answer 14

anabolic steroids

Question 15

A broad range of behaviors, including socially unacceptable behavior, status offenses, and criminal acts. index offenses Acts such as robbery, rape, and homicide that are crimes regardless of whether they are committed by juveniles or adults.

Answer 15

juvenile delinquency

Question 16

Juvenile offenses, performed by youth under a specified age, that are not as serious as index offenses. These offenses may include acts such as underage drinking, truancy, and sexual promiscuity.

Answer 16

status offenses

Question 17

The psychiatric diagnostic category for the occurrence of multiple delinquent activities over a six-month period. These behaviors include truancy, running away, fire setting, cruelty to animals, breaking and entering, and excessive fighting.

Answer 17

conduct disorder

Question 18

The diagnosis when an individual experiences a major depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and depression, for two weeks or longer and daily functioning becomes impaired.

Answer 18

major depressive disorder

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21