Problem Solving and Intelligence

Question 1

deductive reasoning

Answer 1

when a person works from ideas and general info to arrive at specific conclusions

Question 2

inductive reasoning

Answer 2

when person moves from specific facts and observations to broader generalizations and theories

Question 3

reliability

Answer 3

measures the extent to which repeated testing produces consistent results

Question 4

validity

Answer 4

measures the extent to which a test is actually measuring what the researcher claims to be measuring

Question 5

Francis galton

Answer 5

He measured how quickly subjects could respond to sensory motor tasks by their reaction time and said that the faster they could respond, the higher intelligence they possessed

Question 6

Charles spearman

Answer 6

believed that there was only one type of intelligence, g

Question 7

Howard gardner

Answer 7

proposed a multiple intelligences theory and intelligence test
There are 8 different intelligence - verbal, mathematical, musical, spatial, kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalistic

Question 8

Weschler’s Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

Answer 8

generate IQ scores for individuals

Question 9

Flynn Effect

Answer 9

the observation that raw IQ scores have been on the rise since 1932
Flynn argues that this is due to increased quality of schooling, food and health and access to information through books, tv and the internet that lead to increasing intelligence

Question 10

schema

Answer 10

a mental framework for interpreting the world around us

Question 11

assimilation

Answer 11

incorporation of new information into existing schemas

Question 12

accommodation

Answer 12

modifying existing schemas to fit incompatible information

Question 13

confirmation bias

Answer 13

a tendency to seek out info that directly supports the hypothesis

Question 14

availability heuristic

Answer 14

our tendency to make decisions based on the info that is most quickly available to us
ex: making rapid decisions

Question 15

representativeness heuristic

Answer 15

our tendency to assume that what we are seeing is responsible of the larger category we have in our mind

Question 16

working memory

Answer 16

also known as short term memory, keeps vital info at the ready so that other parts of the brain can solve problems

Question 17

prefrontal cortex

Answer 17

responsible for executive functions, regulates attention, modulates impulses and coordinates info coming from other regions of the brain

Question 18

n-back training

Answer 18

people had to keep track of an image, number or letter that appeared and whether their position matched in a series

Question 19

2-back task

Answer 19

different position of squares and they were asked if they were the same positions

Question 20

dual n-back task

Answer 20

subjects match both visual and auditory cue