Instrumental Conditioning Flashcards
law of effect
behaviours with positive consequences get stamped in while behaviours with negative consequences get stamped out
reinforcer
any stimulus that when presented after a response, leads to a change in the rate of that response
reward training
presenting a positive reinforcer after a response to increase the frequency of that behaviour
punishment training
presenting a negative reinforcer, leading to a decrease in the behaviour
omission training
removing a positive reinforcer, which decreases the behaviour
escape training
removing a negative reinforcer, which increases the behaviour
acquisition
learning the contingency between a response and its consequences
autoshaping
learning a contingency without the careful guidance of the researcher
successive approximation
complex behaviour can be organized into smaller steps which gradually build up to the full response we hope to condition
ex: used by animal trainers
discriminative stimulus
SD signals when a contingency between a response and reinforcement is “on”
SD does not automatically elicit a response, but rather it sets the occasions for a voluntary response
SD generalization gradient
a response will occur in a range of SDs relatively similar to the original SD
continuous reinforcement
a response leads to a reinforcer on every single trial
partial reinforcement schedule
a contingent relationship is reinforced in intervals
radio schedule
the number of responses tell us when the reinforcement is given
interval schedule
reinforcement is based on the time since the last response was reinforced
