Memory Flashcards
cue response memory
one memory can act as a cue to trigger another memory
Hermann Ebbinghaus Experiment
He memorized a series of nonsense words, where each word triggered the memory of the next word
forgetting curve
the ability to recall words after memorization was highest immediately following the learning and that over time fewer and fewer words were recalled
the multi-store memory model
it assumes that memory is composed of both short term and long term memory
chunking
grouping words or things together helps increase the amount of information stored in short term memory
serial position curve
memory performance is often best of items that were presented in the beginning and the end of the list, and worst for the items presented in the middle of the list
primacy effect
memory performance is good for items encoded early in the list
multi-store model explanation –> these items enter the short term memory first, so they have more opportunity to be rehearsed, meaning they will readily be transferred to long term memory
recency effect
memory performance is good for items encoded late in the list
multi-store model explanation –> you can only hold approx 7 items in the short term memory, so the remaining last few items would be active in the short term memory, so it would be remembered
Levels of processing model
memory performance depends on the level at which the items are encoded
shallow level of encoding
requires less effort and directs at physical characteristics of a stimulus
the memory performance is poor
deeper level of encoding
requires more effort and directs at a semantic or meaning-based characteristics of a stimulus
the memory performance is much richer
levels of processing principle
the more we try to organize and understand the material, the better we remember it
encoding specificity
memory encodes all aspects of an experience
ex: SUBA divers were made to memorize nonsense words on land or underwater, and were told to recall them on land or underwater. it was found that the SUBA divers recalled better when they did it on the same environment they memorized it in
fluency
the ease with which an experience is processed, some experiences are easier (more fluent) than others
Familiar experiences are more fluent than novel experiences
attribution
judgement tying together causes with effects
you trying to reason out your fluency to your familiarity of the experience or object
