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Psych > problem solving and intelligence > Flashcards

problem solving and intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

Intelligence

A

Ability to perform cognitive tasks and the capacity to learn from experience and adapt, remember important info and cope with the demands of daily living

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2
Q

Reliable indicator of intelligence

A

Problem solving

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3
Q

Two forms of reasoning to solve problems

A

Deductive and inductive reasoning. They are at the heart of the scientific methods

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4
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Works with general ideas and info to arrive at specific conclusions.

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5
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Moving from specific facts to broader generalizations and theories

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6
Q

Deductive and inductive in scientific method

A

Use theories to generate hypothesis via deductive reasoning and then use collected data and use inductive reasoning to interpret them

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7
Q

Functional fixedness

A

Difficulty seeing alternative uses for common objects

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8
Q

Two important qualities of a test

A

Reliability and validity

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9
Q

Reliability

A

Measures the extent to which repeated testing produces consistent results

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10
Q

Validity

A

Measures the trait the experiment is supposed to measure

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11
Q

The Flynn effect

A

The observation that the raw IQ scores have been steadily increasing since 1932. Mean score will always be centred around 100

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12
Q

Flynns argument about the increase IQ scores

A

Increased quality of life and access to ideas and info, nutrition and food, technology etc. Nobody knows why this effect exists

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13
Q

Schema

A

A mental framework for interpreting the world around us

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14
Q

Assimilation

A

Incorporating new info into existing schema

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15
Q

Accomodation

A

Modifying existing schemas to fit incompatible info

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16
Q

Piagets four stages of cognitive development in children

A

Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years), preoperational stage (2-7 years), concrete operational (7-12 years) and the formal operational stage (12+ years). No stages can be skipped and same order. Every stage has to be completed

17
Q

Sensorimotor (object permanence)

A

Realization that objects continue to exist even when no longer visible

18
Q

Preoperational (egocentrism, seriation, Reversible relationships, conservation)

A

Difficulty with these tasks
ego: If the child wants to do something then everyone else wants to do it. Unable to see other povs
Seriation: logically order a series of objects
Reversible relationships: if you ask a girl if you have a brother she will say yes, Matthew but if asked does Mathew have a sister she might say no
Conservation: different objects with different heights can contain the same amount of liquid but they fail to see that

19
Q

Concrete operational

A

Ego, seriation, reversible and conservation are developed in any order. But struggles with abstract thinking and reasoning

20
Q

Formal operational

A

Master abstract thinking and work with hypothesis. In this stage children develop interests in games, books, shows involving fantasy

21
Q

flaw in piagets theories

A

Development of skills out of order (decalage)
Reliance on language abilities of children

22
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Our tendency to seek out information that supports our hypothesis but it doesn’t test the actual hypothesis

23
Q

Heuristic

A

Mental shortcut used to solve problems quickly and often correctly
availability heuristics: Our tendency to make decisions based on the information that is most quickly available to us

24
Q

Representativeness heuristic

A

Our tendency to assume that what we are seeing is representative of the larger category we have in our mind. Useful when making judgements about probability ot belongs to a larger category. Not all category members are the same

25
Q

availability heuristics

A

Our tendency to make decisions based on the information that is most quickly available to us
Good when you want to judge the frequency that an event occurs but errors can occur

26
Q

ANALYTICAL intelligence

A

Book smart. Analyzing, contrasting, judgement

27
Q

Creative intelligence

A

New ways to approach a problem

28
Q

Practical intelligence

A

Street smart. Sort problems in everyday lives

29
Q

Arch of knowledge

A

A model which illustrates how deductive and inductive reasoning work together to guide the scientific method.

30
Q

Well defined problem

A

A problem in which the starting position, allowable rules and end goal are clearly stated

31
Q

ill defined problem

A

A problem in which the starting position, allowable rules and end goal are not clearly stated. Everyday life problems are example

32
Q

Adoption studies

A

A research method in which an adopted child is compared to their biological parents and adopted parents to assess genetic and environmental influence on a particular trait

Psych (11 decks)

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