forming impressions

Question 1

Covariation theory

Answer 1

Determines if a conflict is due to an individual’s personal disposition or the situation and circumstances. We assess three variables to make attributions: consensus, distinctiveness and consistency

Question 2

consensus

Answer 2

Different people same situation

Question 3

Distinctiveness

Answer 3

Same person in different situations

Question 4

consistency

Answer 4

Same person same situation at different times

Question 5

High consensus, distinctiveness and consistency

Answer 5

Situational attribution

Question 6

Low consensus, distinctiveness and high consistency

Answer 6

Dispositional attribution

Question 7

Low consistency and high/low consensus and distinctiveness

Answer 7

Wider situational attribution

Question 8

Correspondence inference theory

Answer 8

Aids explain a person’s behaviour based on three variables: degree of choice, expectation, and intended consequences

Question 9

Degree of choice

Answer 9

The amount of freedom the actor had in choosing their opinion or behaviour

Question 10

Expectation

Answer 10

The degree to which an individuals behaviour in a particular social role matches our expectations for that role

Question 11

Intended consequence

Answer 11

The goals and motivations of an actor underlying their behaviour

Question 12

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 12

Tendency to over value dispositional factors for the observed behaviours of others while under valuing situational factors. More susceptible to this for other’s behaviour than ones own. Not universal of all across all cultures

Question 13

Actor/observer effect

Answer 13

As an actor you are better aware of your own situational factors of behaviour but not for others

Question 14

Self serving bias

Answer 14

We attribute success to dispositional factors and failures to situational factors

Question 15

Representativeness heuristics

Answer 15

Considers how well a behaviour Fitts within a certain prototype

Question 16

Availability heuristics

Answer 16

Considers the experiences most readily available in memory

Question 17

Cognitive heuristics

Answer 17

Provide useful shortcuts in processing social cues

Question 18

Attractiveness is governed by four factors

Answer 18

Proximity, familiarity, physical attractiveness and others opinion about us

Question 19

Proximity

Answer 19

More attracted to people who are close in physical and functional distance to us

Question 20

Familiarity

Answer 20

We rate faces as being more attractive the more familiar they are to us

Question 21

Mere exposure effect

Answer 21

A tendency to perceive previous or familiar stimuli as more favourable or positive than unfamiliar one. High frequency means positive reinforcement

Question 22

Physical attractiveness

Answer 22

We assume what is beautiful is good

Question 23

Halo effect

Answer 23

Tendency to attribute more positive characteristics to individuals that make a positive impression

Question 24

Others opinion about us

Answer 24

Previous impressions of likeability influence novel impressions of likeability

Question 25

False consensus effect

Answer 25

We tend to believe more people share our views than they actually do

Question 26

Illusory correlation with availability heuristics

Answer 26

When we believe two variables are related even though no evidence shows that. Relevant to stereotype formation

Question 27

implicit association test (IAT)

Answer 27

test to see any unconscious bias

Question 28

Co actor (componnent of norman triplets theory)

Answer 28

Another individual performing same task with you

Question 29

Audience (Norman’s theory

Answer 29

A group of people watching an individual perform a task

Question 30

Social facilitation

Answer 30

The increased performance in the presence of co actors or an audience

Question 31

When does your performance enhance in the presence of others

Answer 31

Increases arousal to improve performance on simple or well practiced tasks

Question 32

When does others presence hinder ones performance

Answer 32

Hindered on complex tasks

Question 33

Social learning theory (Albert banduras and Bobo doll expirement)

Answer 33

We learn appropriate behaviours by modelling and imitating the behaviour of others with no explicit reinforcement even with real people

Question 34

Norms

Answer 34

Unwritten but commonly accepted rules for how to behave. Give rise to conformity where we match our behaviour to that of the others. Auto kinetic effect experiment by sheriff. Norms also leads to convergence in behaviour even in the presence of outliers
- conforming due to fear of rejection
- avoiding ridicule
- demonstrated in Asch line of study

Question 35

Asch experiments about lines and conformity (only1 participant rest are employed by them)

Answer 35

75% of participants confirmed at least once and 37% conformed to a clearly incorrect ans

Question 36

Normative function

Answer 36

The role of others in setting standards for our conduct based on a fear of rejection or ostracism

Question 37

Informational function

Answer 37

The role of others in providing information about an ambiguous situation
- conforming due to not knowing how to act
- gaining info
- demonstrated in sheriffs auto kinetic effect

Question 38

Difference between foot in the door and low ball tenchinuw

Answer 38

Door- the target agrees to a small request, once complied then you ask for a larger request
Low- you get a target to agree to a deal and once they agree you change the terms of the og deal