influence of others

Question 1

Group polarization

Answer 1

Group decision making strengthens the original inclinations of the individual group members

Question 2

Grouthink/mob mentality

Answer 2

A group decision making environment that occurs when group cohesiveness becomes so strong it overrides realistic appraisals of reality and alternative opinions. Think they are right
How to avoid this
- be impartial
- critical evaluation (devils advocate)
- subdivide the group
-Provide a second chance

Question 3

Pluralistic ignorance

Answer 3

When an individual in a group sees nobody responding in a given situation they conclude that the situation is not an emergency

Question 4

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 4

In deciding whether we have to act we determine that someone else in the group is more qualified

Question 5

Social loafing

Answer 5

Individuals seem to be less motivated when working in a group than when working alone

Question 6

Milograms obedience experiment

Answer 6

We obey order even if it means to inflict harm

Question 7

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 7

A state of physiological discomfort brought on by conflict between a persons attitudes and their behaviour

Question 8

Over justification effect

Answer 8

The resolution of cognitive dissonance as conflict in behaviour and attitude are justified by some external means

Question 9

Stanford prison experiment

Answer 9

Depicts the shocking power of circumstance and power of assigned roles

Question 10

Deindividuation

Answer 10

Anonymity on both sides can lead to this. In a group situation, the loss of a sense of personal responsibility and restraint

Question 11

Persuasion

Answer 11

Expert communicators are more persuasive than non experts but you are also more persuaded by those similar to you. Is similarity or credibility more imP? Similarity is more imp for personal lifestyle choice while credibility for objective facts

Question 12

Central appeal

Answer 12

Well reasoned factual two sided arguments are effective for academic audience

Question 13

Peripheral appeal

Answer 13

Well presented easy to understand messages and effective for non academic audiences

Question 14

Foot in the door technique relies on making a series of requests

Answer 14

• assume identity of an authority figure
• establish credibility
• use a gradual escalation of demands to increase compliance

Question 15

Self perception theory

Answer 15

We don’t have a special insight about ourselves and need to assess just like we do with others

Question 16

Door in the face technique

Answer 16

Start with an unreasonable request then ask for a smaller request

Question 17

Altruism

Answer 17

Unselfish regard to help others

Question 18

The norm of reciprocity

Answer 18

We are expected to reciprocate when someone else treats us well

Question 19

The norm of social responsibility

Answer 19

As a member of the society, we are expected to contribute to its welfare in a positive way

Question 20

Empathy altruism hypothesis

Answer 20

Altruism results from empathy

Question 21

Negative state relief model

Answer 21

We help others because we would feel distressed or guilty if we didn’t

Question 22

Relational aggression

Answer 22

Involves personal interactions. To make others dislike someone. Like spreading rumors or ignoring someone. Girls engage in this more

Question 23

Hostile aggression

Answer 23

Directly confrontational behaviours such as hitting someone or yelling. Used by men more